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Nasal Cannula
FIO2 = 24-44%
4 lm MUST have a bubble humidifer
Nasal Cannula Advantages and Disadvantages
inexpensive, comfortable, easy to eat/drink in
Pressure sores, headaches from high flows, drying of mucosa
Rule of 4s
1 L/M = 24
2 = 28
3 = 32
4 = 36
5 = 40
6 = 44
Other low flow systems
Nasal catheter and transtracheal catheter
Simple Mask
FIO2 35-50%
Simple Mask
Reservoir system
Minimun - 5 L/m (needs to flush out CO2
Flow: 5-10 lmp
Only used in the OR or recovery room
Disadvantages: claustrophobia, cannot eat, pressure sores
Non-rebreathing Mask
Reservoir system
FIO2 (60-80%)
Minimum: 10 L/m or more commonly 15 L/m
Use enough flow to keep bag 2/3 inflated
2-3 one way valves
disadvantages: same as simple mask