BME 2110: Basic Constants and Conversion Factors

Vocabulary flashcards covering basic physical constants, atomic and molecular weights, physiological values, and unit conversion factors for BME 2110.

Atomic Weights (Common Elements)

$\text{C} = 12.0$, $\text{Ca} = 40.0$, $\text{Cl} = 35.5$, $\text{Fe} = 55.8$, $\text{H} = 1.00$, $\text{K} = 39.1$, $\text{N} = 14.0$, $\text{Na} = 23.0$, $\text{O} = 16.0$, $\text{S} = 32.0$, $\text{P} = 31.0$

Molecular Weight of Water

$$18$$

Average Molecular Weight of an Amino Acid

$$135$$

Average Molecular Weight of a DNA Base Pair

$$610$$

Molecular Weight of Glucose

$$180$$

Molecular Weight of Dry Air

$$28.84$$

Molecular Weight Range of Proteins

$5000$ to $3 \times 10^6$

Typical Mammalian Cell Diameter

$$10\,\mu\text{m}$$

Meter ($1\,\text{m}$) Length Conversions

$$1\,\text{m} = 100\,\text{cm} = 1000\,\text{mm} = 10^6\,\mu\text{m} = 10^9\,\text{nm} = 10^{10}\,\text{\AA}$$

Yard ($1\,\text{Yard}$) Length Conversions

$$1\,\text{Yard} = 3\,\text{ft} = 36\,\text{in} = 91.44\,\text{cm}$$

Mile ($1\,\text{mi.}$) Length Conversions

$$1\,\text{mi.} = 5{,}280\,\text{ft} = 1.61\,\text{km}$$

Kilogram ($1\,\text{kg}$) Mass Conversions

$$1\,\text{kg} = 1000\,\text{g} = 0.001\,\text{metric ton} = 2.2\,\text{lbm}$$

Pound-mass ($1\,\text{lbm}$) Mass Conversions

$$1\,\text{lbm} = 16\,\text{oz} = 454\,\text{g} = 0.454\,\text{kg} = 5 \times 10^{-4}\,\text{ton}$$

Cubic Meter ($1\,\text{m}^3$) Volume Conversions

$$1\,\text{m}^3 = 1000\,\text{L} = 10^6\,\text{cm}^3 = 10^6\,\text{mL}$$

Cubic Foot ($1\,\text{ft}^3$) Volume Conversions

$$1\,\text{ft}^3 = 7.48\,\text{gal} = 28.3\,\text{L}$$

Whole Blood Volume

$$5\,\text{L}$$

Resting Cardiac Output

$$5\,\text{L/min}$$

Total Lung Capacity

$$6.0\,\text{L}$$

Tidal Volume

$$0.500\,\text{L}$$

Breathing Frequency

$$12\,\text{breaths/min}$$

Gram per Cubic Centimeter ($1\,\text{g/cm}^3$) Density Conversions

$$1\,\text{g/cm}^3 = 62.4\,\text{lbm/ft}^3 = 8.33\,\text{lbm/gal}$$

Volume of $1\,\text{g-mol}$ of an Ideal Gas at $0^\circ\text{C}$, $760\,\text{mm\,Hg}$

$$22.4\,\text{L}$$

Volume of $1\,\text{lb-mol}$ of an Ideal Gas at $32^\circ\text{F}$, $14.7\,\text{psia}$

$$359\,\text{ft}^3$$

Atmosphere ($1\,\text{atm}$) Pressure Conversions

$$1\,\text{atm} = 760\,\text{mm\,Hg}\text{ at }0^\circ\text{C}\text{ (torr)} = 14.7\,\text{lbf/in.}^2\text{ (psi)} = 29.92\,\text{in.\,Hg} = 34\,\text{ft\,H}_2\text{O} = 1.013\,\text{bar} = 101.3\,\text{kPa} = 1.013 \times 10^6\,\text{dynes/cm}^2$$

Pascal ($1\,\text{Pa}$)

$$1\,\text{N/m}^2$$

Systemic Blood Pressure

$$120/80\,\text{mmHg}$$

Absolute Pressure ($P_A$)

$$P_A = P_{\text{atm}} + P_g$$

Delta Temperature Relation ($\Delta^\circ\text{C}$ to $\Delta^\circ\text{F}$)

$1.0\,\Delta^\circ\text{C} = 1.8\,\Delta^\circ\text{F}$ (a $1$ degree change in Celsius equals a $1.8$ degrees change in Fahrenheit)

Fahrenheit to Celsius Formula

$$^\circ\text{F} = 1.8(^\circ\text{C}) + 32$$

Rankine to Fahrenheit Formula

$$^\circ\text{Rankine} = ^\circ\text{Fahrenheit} + 460$$

Kelvin to Centigrade Formula

$$\text{Kelvin} = ^\circ\text{Centigrade} + 273$$

Room Temperature

$$25^\circ\text{C}\,(298\,\text{K})$$

Body Core Temperature

$$37^\circ\text{C}\,(310\,\text{K})$$

Pound-force ($1\,\text{lbf}$) Force Conversions

$$1\,\text{lbf} = 32.174\,\text{lbm}\cdot\text{ft/s}^2 = 4.448\,\text{N} = 4.448\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}^2 = 4.448 \times 10^5\,\text{dynes}$$

Newton ($1\,\text{N}$)

$$1\,\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}^2$$

Dyne ($1\,\text{dyne}$)

$$1\,\text{g}\cdot\text{cm/s}^2$$

Composition of Dry Air (Volume / Mole Percentage)

$79\%\,\text{N}_2$, $21\%\,\text{O}_2$

Composition of Dry Air (Weight Percentage)

$76\%\,\text{N}_2$, $24\%\,\text{O}_2$

STP

Standard temperature and pressure ($0^\circ\text{C}$, $1\,\text{atm}$)

Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas at STP

$$22.4\,\text{L/mol} = 359\,\text{ft}^3/\text{lbm-mole}\text{ at }273\,\text{K}$$

British Thermal Unit ($1\,\text{Btu}$) Energy Conversions

$$1\,\text{Btu} = 252\,\text{cal} = 778\,\text{ft-lbf} = 1055\,\text{Joules (J)}$$

Joule ($1\,\text{J}$) Energy Conversion

$$1\,\text{J} = 10^7\,\text{dyne}\cdot\text{cm}$$

Calorie ($1\,\text{cal}$) Energy Conversion

$$1\,\text{cal} = 4.184\,\text{Joules (J)}$$

Food Calorie ($1\,\text{food calorie}$)

$$1000\,\text{cal}$$

Kilowatt ($1\,\text{kW}$) Power Conversions

$$1\,\text{kW} = 1000\,\text{J/s} = 1.34\,\text{hp} = 239\,\text{cal/s}$$