Chapter 13 14 15 CNA

Hygiene

Is the term used to describe practices to keep bodies clean and healthy

Grooming

refers to practices like caring for fingernails & hair, showering etc.

pressure points

are areas of the body that bear to much of the body’s weight

Bony Prominences

areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin

Pressure Injuries

the injuries or wounds that result from skin deterioration

Pressure injury Stage (1)

Skin is intact, but light skin tones may look red

Pressure injury Stage (2)

Partial thickness skin loss involving the outer and/ or inner layers of skin

Pressure injury Stage (3)

full thickness skin loss slough or eschar may be present

Slough

yellow tan tissue that is usually moist,

Eschar

dead tissue soft or hard that is covering over a wound

Pressure injury Stage (4)

There is full thickness skin loss the injury will look deep crater

when a resident is immobile how often are you supposed to repoision

Every 2 hours

When a resident is sitting in a wheelchair how often are our supposed to reposition

Every 1 hour

muscle atrophy

wasting away, shrinking, or decreasing in size of muscle tissue

Foot Drop

a weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes difficulty with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally

Orthotic Device

Helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning

partial bath

given to residents on days when complete bed bath, tub bath, or shower is not done. (state: only do one half of the body)

Additive

is substance added to added substance that changes its effect

Safety Razor

Has a sharp blade, which comes with a special safety casing to help prevent cuts

Disposable razor

requires shaving cream or soap. The NA should not attempt to recap a disposable razor.

electric razor

is safest and easiest type of razor. It does not require soap or shaving cream.

Pediculosis

is an infestation of lice. Lice are tiny parasites that bite into the skin and suck blood to live and grow.

Dandruff

is an excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp

Oral Care

care of the mouth, teeth, and gum, is performed at least twice each day to clean the mouth,

When should you do oral care

after breakfast & last meal or snack of the day

Dental Floss

Is a special kind of string used to clean between teeth. When giving oral care, NAs should wear gloves and follow standard precautions

Edentulous

means having no teeth

Aspiration

is the inhalation of fluid food or foreign material in lungs

Dentures

artificial teeth (expensive handle with care)

Vital signs

show how well the vital organs of the body such as the heart and lungs are working.

Temp Site

Mouth(oral) 97.6-99.6

Rectum(rectal) 98.6-100.6

Armpit( axillary) 96.6-98.6

Ear (tympanic) 96.6-99.7

Temporal Artery(forehead) 97.2-100.1

Normal Pulse rate

60-100 beats per minute

Normal Respiratory Rate

12-20 respirations per minute

Blood Pressure

Upper (Systatic heart bumping) / Lower (Diastolic Heart rest)

normal blood pressure

120/80

low (Hypotensive)

90 (below) / 60 (below)

Elevated

120-129 / less than 80

Hypertension (stage 1)

130-139 / 80-89

Hypertension (stage 2)

140 over or at / 90 over or at

Hypertensive crisis (stage 3)

over 180/over 120

where do you get the most accurate temperature

rectum

What is the red thermometer used for

Rectum (lubricate) only go 1 or ½ no glass

green or blue thermometer

oral temperature

how to read a thermometer

goes up by .2 (top is farenheight and lower is celcuius)

radial pulse

the heart rate measured by feeling the radial artery on the thumb side of the wrist. [1, 2, 3]

brachial pulse

is the pulse inside the elbow

apical pulse

heard by listening directly over the heart with a stethoscope

stethoscope

is an instrument designed to listen to sounds within the body, such as the heart beating or air moving through lungs

apnea

the absence of breathing

bradypnea

slow respirations

cheyne-stokes

alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations, along with short periods of apnea

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

eupnea

normal respirations

orthopnea

shortness of breath when lying down that is relieved by sitting up

tachypnea

rapid respirations

what is another way the doctor can get vital signs (pain management)

when the doctor asks what the pain is 1-10

pulse oximeter

systolic

the heart is at work contracting and pushing the blood from the left ventricle of the heart

Diastolic

The bottom number this phase is when the heart relaxes

hypertension

when blood pressure is high

hypotension

when blood pressure is low

sphygmomanometer

a blood pressure cuff

PQRST (Pain management)

Palliation (providing relief) and provocation (to bring on or cause)

Quality (characteristics; what the pain is like)

Radiation( how the pain moves)

Severity (how bad is the pain)

Timing (when did the pain start?)

Benefits of warm and cold applications

Warm: heat relieves pain and muscular tension. reduces the swelling elevates the temperature in the tissue and increases blood flow

Cold: can stop bleeding, they help prevent swelling reduce pain and bring down high fevers.

Sitz Bath

another type of heat application, warm soak of the perineal area. cleans wounds and reduces inflammation and pain

Hemorrhoids

enlarged veins in the rectum, which may be visible outside the anus.

Intravenous therapy (IV)

the delivery of medication, nutrition, or fluids through a vein

Nasal Cannula

plastic tube that fits through the nose sits around the face provides comfort

oxygen concentrator (machine)

an electrically operated medical device that pulls in room air, filters out nitrogen and delivers a concentrated stream of supplemental oxygen(typically 90%to 96% pure) from face mask or nasal cannula

Nutrition

how the body uses food to maintain health

nutrient

is a necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth & health

complex carbs

bread cereal potatoes rice pasta vegetables and fruit

simple carbs

sugars sweets syrups and jellies

6 basic nutrients

water carbohydrate protein fats vitamins minerals

parenteral nutrion (PN)

a solution of nutrients is administered directly into the bloodstream

Nasogastric (NG) tube

inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) Tube

a tube that is placed into the stomach through the abdominal wall

Gastrostomy

the surgically created opening into the stomach that allows the insertion of a tube

diuretics

residents take medication to treat high blood pressure or heart failure

puree food

blend or grinded food into a thick paste of baby food consistency

NPO

nothing by mouth

fluid measurements oz to ml

1oz = 30ml

vegan

dont eat things from animals

vegetarian

dont eat meat

fluid balance

maintaining equal input and output amounts of fluid

intake

the fluid a person consumes

output

the fluid eliminated from a person body

fluid overload

occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed.