Directions, Compass, and Orientation in Geography

Vocabulary flashcards covering cardinal and intermediate directions, celestial and solar navigation, compass components, history, and magnetic orientation procedures based on geography lecture notes.

Arah (Direction)

The course or heading of a particular location from another location.

Arah Mata Angin Utama (Main Compass Directions)

The four cardinal points consisting of Utara (North), Selatan (South), Timur (East), and Barat (West).

Arah Mata Angin Perantaraan (Intermediate Compass Directions)

The four secondary points between the cardinal directions: Timur Laut (TL / Northeast), Tenggara (Tg / Southeast), Barat Daya (BD / Southwest), and Barat Laut (BL / Northwest).

Buruj (Constellation)

A grouping of stars in the night sky used as a guide to determine directions.

Buruj Biduk

A specific constellation in the night sky used to identify and determine the direction of north.

Pigeon Navigation (Burung Merpati)

The ability of pigeons to determine direction rapidly using visual sight, Earth's magnetic field, the sense of smell, and the sense of taste.

Earth's Rotation (Putaran Bumi)

The rotation of the Earth on its axis from west to east, which causes the sun to appear to rise in the east and set in the west.

Sun-Based Direction Finding Method

A method where a person stands facing the sunrise: the front is east, the back is west, the outstretched left hand points north, and the outstretched right hand points south.

Kompas (Compass)

An instrument created to determine directions accurately, featuring a needle that continuously points north due to magnetic attraction from the Earth's north pole.

Compass Components

The three essential parts of a compass: the housing or case (perumah), the dial face (pemuka), and the magnetic needle (jarum kompas).

Magnet

A material or substance capable of exerting an attractive force on objects made of iron.

Kutub Utara Bumi (Earth's North Pole)

The geographical portion of the Earth situated at the northernmost point.

Kompas Jarum (Needle Compass)

A needle-based compass invented during the Islamic Civilization Era (Zaman Tamadun Islam) and used by Islamic navigators in the Indian Ocean (Lautan Hindi).

Ancient Chinese Compass (Kompas Purba Cina)

An early compass invented during the Han Dynasty (Zaman Dinasti Han) that was originally employed for navigation purposes.

Kompas Kiblat

A device utilizing principles similar to a magnetic compass, designed specifically to locate the direction of the Qibla for Muslims.

Orientasi Kompas (Compass Orientation)

The process of slowly rotating the compass until the compass needle aligns directly with the north marker on the dial.

Magnetic Compass Orientation Procedure

A four-step technique: face the target object, place the compass on a flat surface away from iron objects (such as iron posts or chairs), rotate the compass slowly until the needle points north, and determine the object's bearing.