Pain 2

what is the physiological role of pain

protective physiological function to detect harmful stimuli and avoid further damage

what are the 3 interpretations of pain

pain ...

is complex and multifactorial

can rise without clear evidence

is always a personal experience influenced by other factors

pain interference

degree to which there are consequences of pain on aspects of a participant's life

pain catastrophizing

degree of negative attitudes a participant has towards their pain experience

what is the time for pain to be considered chronic

longer than 3 months

what does acute pain resolve

when the tissue heals or the threat resolves

what is the etiology of acute pain

pain due to tissue damage and inflammatory response

what is the etiology of chronic pain

multi-factorial where the original tissue damage is no longer the main cause of the pain

chronic pain is considered a disease

true

what should be the mechanism for pain-mechanism based practice

assessment and treatment that targets underlying mechanisms of pain because pain does not necessarily come from the location of pain

what are the 3 mechanisms of pain

nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain

nociceptive pain

pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptor

what are the clinical features of nociceptive pain

localized pain corresponding to damage/inflammation, pain increased when putting mechanical stress, inflammatory signs, typically related to acute pain

what are descriptors of nociceptive pain

sharp, throbbing, aching

neuropathic pain

pain caused by lesions or disease of the somatosensory nervous system ~ clear evidence of nerve damage or entrapment

What are the clinical features of neuropathic pain?

neuro-anatomically logical pain distribution, movement/posture specific, related to both acute and chronic pain ~ burning/hot, numbness, tingling

nociplastic pain

pain arising from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual of threatened tissue damage

widespread hyperalgesia

Increased pain sensitivity in a far distant site from the area of injury

conditioned pain modulation

a physiological process that describes the ability of the body to reduce pain in one area by applying a painful stimulus to another area

allodynia

pain to non-painful stimulus (light touch)

what are the pain descriptors in nociplastic pain

dull, diffuse, tiring

top-down nociplastic mechanism

biopsychosocial factors without clear evidence of tissue damage

What is a bottom-up nociplastic mechanism?

A mechanism that originates from tissue damage or injury.

What happens to nociceptive input after the healing period in bottom-up nociplastic mechanisms?

It persists even after the healing period.

What can persistent nociceptive input transition into?

Central pain mechanisms involving damage or malfunction of the CNS.

visceral pain

pain arising from visceral organs due to damage/disease

movement evoked pain

pain that occurs during or after movement of a body parts

how does movement evoked pain affect bias

it reduced bias, making it a more reliable pain assessment

comprehensive pain assessment

pain characteristics/history/medication use/prior intervention and responses

pain characteristics

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