Module 5

Positive Reinforcement

When a type of behavior is followed by reinforcement, leading to an increased future frequency of that behavior.

Reinforcement

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Conditioned Reinforcers

Neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers due to being paired with other reinforcers.

Unconditioned Reinforcers

Reinforcers that strengthen behavior without requiring prior learning.

Automatic Reinforcement

Reinforcement that occurs independently of another person delivering it.

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers

Conditioned reinforcers paired with many other reinforcers, effective without a specific establishing operation.

Negative Reinforcement

A process where a behavior is strengthened by the removal of an aversive stimulus.

Establishing Operation (EO)

An event that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer.

Abolishing Operation (AO)

An event that decreases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer.

Motivating Operations (MO)

Conditions that affect the value and availability of reinforcers.

SD (Discriminative Stimulus)

A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcers and triggers a specific behavior.

Premack Principle

A theory stating that more probable behaviors can reinforce less probable behaviors.

Preference Assessments

Methods used to determine which stimuli are most preferred and likely to be reinforcing.

Positive Reinforcement 4 term contingency

Establishing operation → Discriminative Stimulus → Response → Reinforcing Stimulus (positive).

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcers

Stimuli that strengthen behavior through their removal without prior learning.

Conditioned Negative Reinforcers

Neutral events that acquire reinforcing properties through association with negative reinforcers.

Behavior-altering effect

The change in the frequency of behaviors maintained by the access to a reinforcer.

Value-altering effect

The change in the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer due to certain conditions.

Single Stimulus Assessment

A method of presenting stimuli individually to identify preferences.

Multiple Stimulus w/o Replacement Assessment

A preference assessment where the chosen item is not replaced in subsequent trials.

Free Operant Assessment

A method of assessing preferences in a naturally occurring environment.

Paired Stimulus Assessment

A method where two items are presented simultaneously to determine preference.

Contrived Free Operant Assessment

A modified environment to assess preferences while changing certain conditions.