Bio Chap 9 Pop Quiz Preparation

Prepare for a possible POP QUIZ!

Pedigree

A family tree representing the history of a given trait.

Mutant trait

A less common trait, either dominant or recessive, in nature.

Carriers

Individuals carrying a recessive or dominant allele for a genetic disorder.

Cystic Fibrosis

The most common recessive genetic disorder.

Achondroplasia

A serious dominant genetic disorder.

Huntington’s disease

A degenerative disorder with a dominant allele causing death.

Amniocentesis

Procedure to extract amniotic fluid for genetic screening.

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Procedure to extract placental tissue for genetic testing.

Incomplete dominance

Phenotypic appearance falling between two parental varieties.

Codominant

Both alleles expressed in heterozygous individuals.

Pleiotropy

One gene influencing multiple characteristics.

Polygenic inheritance

Additive effects of multiple genes on a single character.

Linked genes

Genes close on a chromosome and inherited together.

Recombination frequency

Percentage of recombinant offspring among the total

Genetic map

Ordered list of genetic loci along a chromosome.

Sex chromosomes

X and Y chromosomes determining an individual’s sex.

Sex-linked gene

A gene located on a sex chromosome. (Majority are X-linked genes)

Hardy-Weinberg equation/equilibrium

Way to detect microevolutions. When in equilibrium, Allele frequencies in a population will not change from generation to generation.

Linkage Map

Genetic map based on recombinant frequencies

Gene pool

All copies of every allele in a population.

Microevolution

Evolution at the smallest scale, changing allele frequencies in a population.

Wild-Type Trait

The traits most common in nature(nothing to do w/ dominance)

Chromosome theory of inheritance

genes occupy specific loci on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during meiosis

• Thus it is behavior of chromosomes during meiosis + fertilization that accounts for inheritance patterns

Sickle Cell Disease

Example of pleiotropy