BIO 173 Unit 1 Study Guide: Cardiovascular System

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key topics, pathways, structures, and homeostatic imbalances from BIO 173 Unit 1 (Chapters 18 and 19).

Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis)

The physiological process of blood cell formation, studied in Chapter $18$ alongside erythropoiesis.

Erythropoiesis

The specific process of red blood cell production, involving EPO (erythropoietin) and feedback mechanisms.

Hemostasis

The multi-step process of stopping bleeding, consisting of vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

Coagulation

The last step of hemostasis, consisting of $3$ phases and comprising intrinsic versus extrinsic pathways.

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

Processes following coagulation that involve specific components to stabilize and subsequently degrade a blood clot.

Cardiac Centers (Medulla Oblongata)

Autonomic centers located in the medulla oblongata responsible for modifying the basic rhythm of the heart.

Cardiac Muscle Fibers (Physiology)

Two distinct functional types of fibers compared during cardiac muscle contraction: autorhythmic fibers and contractile fibers.

Contractile Fibers

Cardiac muscle cells that exhibit distinct action potential phases during contraction.

Cardiac Conduction System

The network of specialized cardiac structures that establish and trace the conduction pathway of electrical signals across the heart.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A diagnostic recording that illustrates deflections caused by and following specific electrical events in the heart.

Arrhythmias

Disruptions in normal cardiac rhythm listed for review in Chapter $19$, specifically fibrillation, ectopic focus, and heart block.

Systole and Diastole

Key phases of the cardiac cycle corresponding directly to contraction versus relaxation and emptying versus filling.

Factors Influencing Cardiac Output

Physiological variables highlighted in the study guide, specifically venous return and myocontractility.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A cardiovascular homeostatic imbalance listed in Chapter $19$, commonly abbreviated as CVA.

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)

A serious cardiac homeostatic imbalance listed in Chapter $19$, commonly abbreviated as V-tach.

Homeostatic Imbalances of the Heart

Specific cardiovascular clinical conditions to master: endocarditis, pulmonary congestion, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), atherosclerosis, and ventricular tachycardia (V-tach).

ABO and Rh Blood Groups

A laboratory-acquired topic examining blood types through genotypes, antigens (Ag), antibodies (Ab), and compatible donors & recipients.

Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs

A laboratory-acquired skill requiring students to trace the complete circuit of blood flow through the heart chambers, valves, great vessels, and pulmonary circulation.

Heart Anatomical Structures

The gross anatomy components of the heart listed for review: coverings, layers, chambers, valves, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and major vessels.

Erythrocyte Destruction

The breakdown process of red blood cells that addresses the metabolic fate of hemoglobin components.