Kine Test #2 revised

The shoulder complex prioritizes___ This allows a large range of motion but makes shoulder more vulnerable to dislocation

Mobility over stability

The shoulder girdle includes the___

clavicle and scapula

The shoulder joint itself is ____

the glenhumeral joint GH joint

Shoulder joint (GH) movements * think movemnt upper arms at shoulders

• Flexion/ extention

• abduction/ adduction

• internal rotation

Shoulder girdle (scapular) movements * think movment shoulder blades on rib cage

• Elevation/ depression

• protraction/ retraction

• upward/ downward rotation

Flexion

raise arm foward

Extention

move arm backward

abduction

raise arm out to the side of body

adduction

bring arm toward body

Internal rotation

rotate upper arm inward

extrenal rotation

rotate upper arm outward

elevation

shug ur shoulders

depression

lowering shoulders

protraction

reaching foward spreading shoulder blades

retraction

squeezing shoulder blades together

upward rotation

shoulder blades roates so the socket faces upward when raising arm

downward rotation

shoulder blades rotate back down as lowering arms

Sternoclavicular SC joint

between clavicle and sternum

only bony attatchment to shoulder gridle to trunk

Glenohumeral GH joint

• between glenoid fossa of the scapula and humerus

• Main shoulder joint; allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation

Acromioclavicular AC joint

• Between acromion of the scupala and clavicle

• Allows scupala to move and adjust relative to clavicle.

Coracoclavicular CC joint

• Between clavicle and Coracoid process of scaupla connected by ligaments.

• Stabalizes connection from Scupla to clavicle

Rotator cuff muscles — SITS

• Main job to stabilize head of humerus head in the shoulder socket.

• Subscapularis

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Supraspinatus

Subscapularis First S of SITS

• Location: Front ( anterior) surface of the scapula

• Actions: Internal rotation and assists adduction.

Infraspinatus

• Location: back of scapula, below scapular spine

• Action: External rotation

Teres minor

• Location: back of scapula alonge lateral boarder.

• Action: External rotaion, assists adduction

Supraspinatus Last s of SITS

• Location: Above scapular spine

• Action: Assists and ininiates shoulder abduction especially in early range.

Trapezius posterior

• Upper: elevation

• Middle: Retractors

• Lower: upper roatation of scapula

Levator scapulae poserior

• Scapular elevation and downward rotaion

Rhomboids Posterior

• Help retraction downward rotation of scpular

• Minor above Major

Pectoralis minor Anterior

• Scapular protraction and depression; assists downward rotation

Subclavius anterior

• depress the clavicle and stabilize it at sternoclaular joint during movement in shoulder and arm.

Serratus Anterior

• protraction and upper rotation of scapular

Pectoralis major

• Shoulder flexion, adduction and internal rotation; fiber-specific actions vary

Pushing up Muscles

• Triceps extend elbow pectoralis major and anterior deltoid help push the body away from the floor; serratus anterior helps protract the shoulder blades.

Lowering down in push up muscles

• the elbow flexors and shoulder horizontal adductors control the descent eccentrically; serratus anterior controls scapular movement.

Deltoid

• Abduction; anterior fibers assist flexion, posterior fibers assist extension

Humeroulnar joint: flexion

• Action: bend elbow

• Plane: Saggital

Humeroulnar joint: extension

• Action: strighten elbow

• Plane: sagittal

Forearm pronation

• Action: Turn palms down

• Plane: transverse

Forearm supination

• Action: Turn palms up

• Plane: Transverse

Pronation and supination occur at the___ * think holding bowl of soup palms facing up

• The proximal and distal ratioulnar joint, radius rotates around ulnar.

Brachialis anterior

• Primary elbow flexor

• flexes elbow regardless of forearm position.

Biceps brachii anterior

• Most effective as elbow flexor when forearm is supinated ( palm Up)

• supinates forearm

Brachioradialis anterior

• Most effective when forearm is is in neutral position (thumbs up)

• Example hammer curls

Triceps brachii posterior

• Primary elbow extensdor

• straightens elbow

Anconeus

• supplementry elbow extensor

• assists with extention and stabilizes elbow.

• postieror side

Forearm pronation muscles ( palm down)

• pronator teres and Pronator quadratus

Forearm supination muscles (Palm up)

• Supinator and biceps brachii

• The biceps brachii is especially powerful at supination when the elbow is flexed.

Athletes such as javelin throwers can tear what ligament in the elbow?

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) — also called the medial collateral ligament of the elbow.

• Located on the inner side of the elbow.

• Can tear in throwing athletes, including javelin throwers, because of repetitive valgus stress.

Biceps curl

• Positive phase: Lift weight: elbow flexors contract concentrically

• Negative: Lower weight: elbow flexors contract eccentrically

Triceps push-down postive negative phase

• Positve: Pushing Straighten elbows: triceps contract concentrically

• Negative: Return upward: triceps control elbow flexion eccentrically

Pull-up

• Postive: Pull body upward: elbow flexors contract concentrically

• Negative: Lower body: elbow flexors contract eccentrically

Isometric

• Muscle produces force without appreciable change in length; for example, holding a grocery bag still with your elbow bent.

Bones of wrist and hand

There are eight carpal bones, five metacarpals, and fourteen phalanges in each hand.

The eight carpal bones Proximal side closer to wrist

• Scaphoid

• Lunate

• Triquetrum

• pisiform

The eight carpal bones distal side

• Trapezium

• Trapezoid

• Capitate

• Hamate

Radius

• Forearm bone on the thumb side.

Ulna

Forearm bone on the little-finger side.

MP / MCP

Metacarpophalangeal

• Location: where the fingers meet the palm

PIP

Proximal interphalangeal

• Location: middle joint of each finger

DIP

Distal interphalangeal

• Location: joint closest to the finger tip

IP (thumb)

Interphalangeal

The thumb's single joint between its two phalanges

Remember: the thumb has no PIP or DIP joint. It has one IP joint.

Motions of the wrist Flexion

• Bend palm toward the front of the forearm

• Plane: Saggital

Motions of the wrist Extention

• Bend back of hand toward the forearm

• Plane: sagittal

Movemnt of wrist Ulnar deviation (adduction)

• move hand closer to little finger

• Plane: Frontal

Movemnt of wrist Radial deviation (abduction)

• Move hand closer to thumb

• Plane: frontal

Finger movements Flexion and extension

• Curl Fingers/ strighten fingers

Finger movements abduction/ adduction

• Spreads fingers apart away from middle finger

• Moves fingers closer to middle finger

Finger movements Circumduction/ Opposition

• Move fingers in circular motion/ Bring the thumb across the palm to touch another fingertip.

Flexor retinaculum

• Holds flexor tendons in place on palm side forming a roof of carpal tunnel

Their main function is to prevent tendons from bowstringing away from the wrist during movement.

Extensor retinaculum

• Holds extentor tendons in place on back of wrist.

Their main function is to prevent tendons from bowstringing away from the wrist during movement.

Extrinsic muscles

• Muscles bellies located in the forearm

• tendons travel to hand

• flex and extend both wrist and fingers

• produces gripping force in hand

• large and strong

Intrinsic muscles

• Located within hand

• smaller and weaker

• stabilizes hand bones and joints

• provide some small finger movemnt

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes wrist

Extensor digitorum

extends fingers

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexes the thumb

Extensor digiti minimi

extends little finger

Radialis

• Located on radius or thumb side

Ulnaris

• Located toward ulnar or pinky finger side

flexor carpi ulnaris

• a muscle that flexes the wrist and lies on the ulnar side of the forearm.

Lifting groceries

• Muscles: Biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis if elbow flexes; grip muscles

• Positive: elbow flexors contract conccentrically

• Negative: Elbow flexors contract eccentrically as the arm straightens

Pulling a door open

• Muscles: Biceps, brachialis, posterior deltoid and back muscles, depending on the movement

• Positive: Pulling muscles contract concentricaally(shorten)

• Negative: Pulling muscles control the return eccentrically

What is the main function of the retinacula?

• restrain tendons and reduce bowstringing.