GEd 104 Unit 2.3–2.4: Globalization, Sovereignty and Asian Regionalism

The capacity of a state to choose and implement policies within its territory.

Domestic Sovereignty

The process of industrial, political, legal, economic, social, and cultural integration of states in Europe.

European integration

Who defined the state as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government?

Max Weber.

“States are independent political communities that possess a government and assert sovereignty over a specific territory and population.”

Hedley Bull

It has led to the rise of global free-market capitalism and transnational enterprises, creating disparities between the flow of money and the barriers faced by workers.

Impact of globalization

The elevation of capitalism into an ethic, political imperatives, and cultural logic.

Neoliberalism

The power of national governments to make decisions independently of other governments.

Economic sovereignty

Agreements to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers on selected goods imported from member countries.

Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs)

Elimination of Import tariffs and quotas between signatory countries.

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

A major step towards economic integration that allows free movement of goods, services, and factors of production.

Common Market

A trading bloc with a common market among members and a common trade policy towards non-members.

Economic Union

It involves a single economic market, common trade policy, single currency, and common monetary policy.

Economic and Monetary Union

The final stage of economic integration where member states forego independence in monetary and fiscal policies.

Complete economic integration

The integration of components within political systems and the processes by which social, economic, and political systems become integrated.

Political integration

Focuses on the supranational institutions of the EU and the role of interest group activity in driving integration.

Neofunctionalism

The acceptance of a state as a member of the international community.

International legal sovereignty

The principle that one sovereign state should not interfere in the domestic arrangements of another.

Westphalian sovereignty

The capacity and willingness to control flows of people, goods, and capital into and out of a country.

Interdependence sovereignty

What factors haven’t accelerated globalization?

Corruption

It emphasizes the role of national states in European integration.

Intergovernmentalism

A theory emphasizing the importance of institutions, with three key strands: rational choice, sociological, and historical.

Institutionalism

A theory developed by Andrew Moravcsik that applies rational institutionalism to European integration.

Liberal intergovernmentalism

A new theory of European integration that emphasizes the interaction between different levels of government.

Multi-level governance (MLG)

The mobilization of collective claims by actors located in more than one country and/or addressing more than one national government.

Transnational activism

Organizational structures and strategies that empower oppressed populations to challenge and resist more powerful elites.

Social movement

The anti-globalization movement by mainstream media.

Global Justice Movement

It is multifaceted and involves domestically rooted activists who connect global and local issues.

New transnational activism

It facilitates the sharing of ideas and information, building virtual networks and communities.

Social media

A movement towards the political integration of transnational actors.

Global governance

Developing nations characterized as poor and underdeveloped.

Third World

A deterritorialized geography of capitalism's externalities and a resistant imaginary of transnational political subjects.

Global South

What guarantees can not be provided by states through independent courts?

provide good governance

The decentralization of political powers from a higher to a lower political level.

Regionalism

Decentralization of competencies or establishment of regional institutions by the state.

Top-Down Regionalism

Political decentralization efforts originating from within a particular region.

Bottom-Up Regionalism

It encompasses Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, often low-income and marginalized.

Global South

They use the Global South as a banner to rally countries victimized by economic policies of institutions like the IMF.

Perspective of contemporary critics

Countries whose views aligned with NATO and capitalism.

First World

Countries that supported communism and the Soviet Union.

Second World

Globalization is an external phenomenon pushed into the region by world powers.

Primary concept of the Global South

They have emerged as a new political force and are key drivers of global politics.

Significance of the Asia Pacific and South Asia in global politics

A foreign policy shift by the United States to commit more resources to the Asia Pacific region.

Pacific Pivot

It entails complex interactions between governmental and non-governmental actors resulting in hybrid East Asia.

Regionalization entail

It was the site of important trade routes and advanced in technology.

Asia’s Contribution

What competitive edge did Japan gain in the global market?

By procuring raw materials for manufacturing.

It is pursuing an export-oriented strategy and is the world's largest importer of raw materials.

China

They are major sources of international migrant labor.

Role of India and China in globalization

A principle aiming to develop cooperation with outside actors and resolve tensions between regional trade agreements and global trade.

Open Regionalism

What organization embodies 'Open Regionalism'?

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

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