Women's Health Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards ⋆‧°𓏲ּ𝄢

Women's health

What is Women's Health?

Examines the biological and social characteristics unique to women that affect their health.

Who is Dorthy Dix? What did she do?

a nurse and humanitarian who was instrumental in the reform of treatment of the mentally ill in the 19th century. She sought change all over the United States through legislative reform, and her work prompted the establishment of 32 mental health hospitals across the United States. She also led a national effort to organize a nursing corps to care for the war's (Civil War) wounded and sick.

Who is Clara Barton? What did she do?

She was a nurse who founded the American Red Cross in 1881.

Who is Margaret Sanger? What did she do?

She was a nurse, sex educator, and birth control advocate. She created the irst birth control clinic that eventually became Planned Parenthood.

What is feminism?

a collection of movements that aimed at defined, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights of women.

What income inequalities are there in the workplace? (Specifically, what percentage do women earn compared to men)

Women earn 83% of what men make.

What occupation trends are there for women?

Women typically work in healthcare, personal care, service industries, education, office environments, and community organizations.

Sticky Floor definition

Keeping full-time working women right at the poverty threshold

Glass ceiling definition

A barrier to advancement to higher-level jobs in the company that adversely affects women and minorities

What are some issues faced by women in the workforce?

A lack of access to proper resources (such as hygiene products or necessary care), discrimination, and sexism.

What is health?

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

What are the our P's in Public Health?

Population, Promotion, Prevention, and Power.

Define Health Promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. This can be individual AND population leveled.

What is DHHS?

Department of Health and Human Services

What 11 agencies are in DHHS?

NIH, FDA, CDC, ATSDR, IHS, HRSA, SAMHSA, AHRQ, CMS, ACF, AoA

NIH

National Institutes of Health

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

CDC

Center for Disease Control

ATSDR

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

IHS

Indian Health Service

HRSA

Health Resources and Services Administration

SAMHSA

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

AHRQ

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

CMS

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

ACF

Administration for Children and Families

AoA

Administration on Aging

What is epidemiology?

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Incidence? (Definition not the equation)

The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.

Prevalence? (Definition not the equation)

Total number of people affected by a given condition at a point in time or during a period of time.

Mortality Rate? (Definition not the equation)

incidence of death in a given population during a point in time

Morbidity Rate? (Definition not the equation)

incidence of disease, illness, or disability in a given population during a point in time

Leading cause of death for adolescences?

Suicide, Homicide, and accidents.

Leading cause of death for young adult women?

Accidents, assaults, suicide, and homicide.

Leading cause of death for mid-life women?

Chronic diseases

Leading cause of death for senior year women?

Chronic diseases

What is primary prevention? Give examples

Protection to prevent occurrence of disease

Examples include: immunizations, pollution control, nutrition, and exercise

What is secondary prevention? Give examples

Early identification of disease before it becomes symptomatic, halting progression of pathological processes, by screening examinations

Examples include: mammography and self-examinations

What is tertiary prevention? Give examples

To Minimize severity and disability through treatment and therapy for chronic disease

Examples include: diabetes management, cardiac rehabilitation, and hypertension management

What are social determinants of heath?

The economic and social conditions and environments that influence one's OR group's health.

What are the 5 categories for the SDOH?

1. Education Access

2. Economic Stability

3. Healthcare Access

4. Social Context

5. Neighborhood and built environment

What are the 2 types of insurance in the USA?

Private & Public

What is the Third-Party Payer System?

A system where a third party (typically an insurance company or government program) pays for all or part of an individual's healthcare services.

What is the Managed Care Model? How did it do damage?

Method to control costs by managing how delivery of care os coordinated & reimbursed

-Decreased access to care

-Shorter physician office visits

-Higher co-payments

-Restrictions on choice of doctor

What are the 3 types of Managed Care Models?

1. Health Matainence Organization (HMO)

2. Point-of-Service (POS)

3. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

What are examples of public health insurance?

Medicare, Medicaid, CHAMPVA (VA), DoD Healthcare, IHS

What is MEDICAID?

A health insurance assistance program for some low income people (especially children and pregnant women) sponsored by federal and state governments

What is MEDICARE?

federal insurance program for elderly persons or persons with permanent disabilities (65+)

What are the 3 parts of Medicare?

Part A-> Hospital

Part B -> MD services outpatient

Part D --> Prescriptions

What are some consequences for uninsured Americans?

- Early deaths

- Financial stress

- Disease progression

What is a deductible?

portion of bill patient is required to pay each year before your benefits kick in

What are benefits? (in relation in insurance)

what different insurance plans offer

What is a network in insurance?

a group of physicans, doctors, hospitals, and providers that are covered by your insurance

What is co-insurance?

The set percentage of the bill that must be paid at the point of service in addition to the co-pay

What is co-pay?

A co-pay is the amount of money you pay out-of-pocket for a covered medical service. Co-pays are typically a flat dollar amount for a doctor's office visit, prescriptions or lab tests.

What is the Affordable Care Act?

The federal statute that changed preexisting condition requirements so that the insurers can no longer deny healthcare services to those with such conditions

How can the Affordable Care Act impact women?

it covered birth control, sterilization, and conseling without cost sharing

What is Sexual Health?

a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality

What is Gender?

refers to what a person, society, or a system defines as "male" or "female"

What is Sex?

the biological distinction between females and males (XX or XY)

What is Sexuality?

an expression of who we are; person's thoughts, feelings, and sexual expression and the biology of the sexual response system.

What are some cultural dimensions of gender and sexuality? (Give examples)

-Normative sex roles

-Queer relationships

-Pre-marital sex

-legal restrictions

What is sexual differentiation?

the process by which individuals develop male or female bodies and behaviors. Male sex relies on the Y chromosome.

What are brain differentiations?

prenatal variations in male & female brains affect cognitive processes, language, spacial perception, and emotions.