Chapter 18- Pharynx (BOOK)

what is the pharynx?

part of the DIGESTIVE and RESPIRATORY system

where is the pharynx located?

posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx

how big is the pharynx?

about 12 cm in length

where does the pharynx extend?

from the base of the skull inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage below, which lies at CV6

what happens at CV6?

pharynx becomes continuous with the esophagus

where is the widest part of the pharynx?

just below the skull

where is the narrowest point of the pharynx?

termination at the esophagus

what shape is the pharynx?

funnel shaped

what do the openings allow the pharynx to be?

continuous with seven cavities

what are the 7 cavities?

CAV said TU TU LET OMAR EAT

1. Two nasal cavities

2. Two tympanic cavities

3. Oral cavity

4. Larynx

5. Esophagus

how many parts is the pharynx divisible into? what are they?

3 parts; Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

where does the nasopharynx lie?

posterior to the nasal cavity

where does the oropharynx lie?

posterior to the oral cavity

where does the laryngopharynx lie?

behind the larynx

where is the nasopharynx open?

to the nasal cavity at the choanae

what is the choanae?

a bony aperture located at the junction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx

the roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx form what?

a continuous sloping surface that lies under the body of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone

what is the pharyngeal tissue?

a mass of lymphoid tissue embedded in the mucous membrane

pharyngeal tonsils are also called ____

adenoids

when adenoids are enlarged what may this cause?

respiratory obstruction

lateral wall of nasopharynx is characterized by what?

pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

where is the pharyngeal opening of auditory tube?

1.5 cm posterior to the inferior nasal conchae

what are other names of the auditory tube?

Eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube

how long is the Eustachian tube?

3.5 cm long

what does the Eustachian tube connect?

the tympanic cavity of the middle ear with the nasopharynx

what part of the pharyngotympanic tube is composed of ELASTIC cartilage?

anterior-medial 2/3; this part is related to the pharynx

what part of the pharyngotympanic tube is BONY?

posterior-lateral 1/3; this part is related to middle ear

what happens w the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube?

usually remains collapsed bc of its elastic tissue

when does the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube open?

during swallowing, yawning, and when pressure differences exist between tympanic cavity and atmospheric pressure

what happens when the tube opens?

a small click can be heard

the medial end of the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube projects where?

into the nasopharynx on the lateral wall just superior to the opening of the auditory tube

this cartilage is referred to as what?

torus tubarius = medial end of the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube

from latin torus=

swelling

what are the three mucous membrane folds that extend from the torus tubarius?

1. salpingopalatine fold

2. salpingopharyngeal fold

3. torus levatorius

where does the salpingopalatine fold extend?

from the torus to the soft palate

where does the salpingopharyngeal fold extend?

from the torus to the lateral wall of the pharynx

where is the torus levatorius?

between the other 2 folds (salpingopalatine fold and salpingopharyngeal fold); extends from mouth of tube to the soft palate

why do each of these folds of mucous membrane exist?

bc of the presence of a muscle housed by the fold

what is the pharyngeal recess?

portion of nasopharynx posterior to the torus

what is found in the pharyngeal recess sometimes?

lymphoid tissue (tubal tonsil)

the nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx via?

pharyngeal isthmus

what is the pharyngeal isthmus bounded by anteriorly?

soft palate

what is the pharyngeal isthmus bounded by posteriorly?

wall of pharynx

what is the oropharynx?

part of pharynx posterior to the oral cavity

the oropharynx is continuous with?

oral cavity by the oropharyngeal isthmus

what are the 3 boundaries of oropharynx?

1. superiorly= soft palate

2. inferiorly= tongue

3. laterally= pillars of fauces

what is the anterior pillar of fauces (aka ____)?

-palatoglossal arch

-a fold of mucous membrane extending from palate to the side of the tongue

what does the anterior pillar of fauces contain?

palatoglossus muscle

posterior pillar of fauces (aka ____) extends from? what does it contain?

-palatopharyngeal arch

-the soft palate to the lateral side of pharynx

-palatapharyngeus muscle

what lies between the two arches?

tonsillar bed

what lies in the tonsillar bed?

palatine tonsils

each palatine tonsil is what?

a collection of lymphoid tissue under the mucous membrane of oropharynx

the laryngopharynx or hypopharynx extends from what?

the upper border of the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus

where does the laryngopharynx lie?

posterior to the larynx

on either side of the larynx lies the?

piriform recess

during swallowing, a bolus of food is usually deviated where?

laterally by the epiglottis into one or both food channels, the piriform recess

what courses under the mucous membrane in each piriform recess?

the internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery

What is the internal laryngeal nerve also known as

the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

name the layers of the wall of pharynx

1. mucous membrane

2. fibrous layer

3. muscular layer

4. fascial layer

what does the mucous membrane of pharyngeal wall line?

the internal surface of the pharynx

what is the mucous membrane of pharyngeal wall continuous with?

mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx AND the mucous membrane found in auditory tube