quiz 1: body systems, homeostasis, feedback loops

Definition of anatomy

structure; parts & how they are put together

Definition of physiology

function; how parts work, individually and together

Nervous system functions (2)

receive and interpret information,

activates muscles and glands

Nervous system organs/components (3)

brain,

spinal cord,

nerves

Endocrine system functions

secrete hormones that control growth, reproduction, and metabolism

Endocrine system organs/components (7)

adrenal glands,

hypothalamus,

thyroid gland,

pituary gland,

pancreas,

ovaries(female),

testes(male)

Cardiovascular system functions (2)

transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout body,

remove/pick up carbon dioxide waste from body cells

cardiovascular system organs/components (5)

heart,

arteries,

veins,

blood,

capillaries

integumentary system organs/components

skin,

hair,

nails,

sweat gland,

sebaceous (oil) gland

integumentary system functions (3)

synthesize vitamin D

protects tissues from abrasion

forms waterproof barrier to prevent body from drying out

Lymphatic/immune system organs/components (4)

lymphatic vessels

lymph nodes

thymus gland

spleen

lymphatic system functions

attack unfamiliar cells/molecules,

returns fluids to blood vessels

Respiratory system functions

Bring oxygen into body and allows it to diffuse into blood,

Releases carbon dioxide from the body

respiratory system organs/components

trachea,

lungs,

diaphragm,

bronchial tubes

skeletal system functions

Protects and supports organs,

provides an attatchment for muscles for movement,

stores minerals and triglycerides,

produces blood cells

skeletal system organs/components

bones, ligaments, cartilage

digestive system organs/components (7)

esophagus,

liver,

gallbladder,

large intestine,

small intestine,

stomach,

pancreas

digestive system functions

eliminates indigestible material,

breaks down food into particles small enough to be absorbed,

enables nutrient absorption into blood

urinary system organs/components (4)

kidneys,

urethra,

ureters,

urinary bladder

urinary system functions

regulate salt/water levels,

filter chemical waste and salts from blood,

eliminate nitrogenous (toxic) waste from body

reproductive system organs/components (7)

female:

mammary glands,

uterus,

fallopian tubes,

ovaries,

vagina

male:

prostate gland,

testes

reproductive system functions

produce gametes,

enable contraception and childbearing

Muscular system functions

produce heat,

allow movement of body parts,

maintain posture

muscular system organs/components

muscles,

tendons

Homeostasis

stable internal conditions

conditions/factors that need to be kept stable in human body

temperature,

blood glucose,

hydration,

pH,

salinity,

oxygen/carbon dioxide levels,

calcium levels,

Necessary Life Functions (7-8)

maintaining boundaries (between internal/external),

responsiveness (to environment)

respiration,

digestion/absorption,

metabolism,

excretion,

movement (of body itself and of substances within body),

reproduction (for the species)

Life Requirements (5)

water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure

Feedback loop

self-regulating control system

Components of a feedback loop (+ function/explanation)

1. stimulus: change in conditions (something happening TO your body, NOT activated by it -important in positive feedback loops)

2. receptor: sensory organ detects stimulus

3. control center: stimulus compared to set point -> tells effectors to "turn on"

4. effector: organ responding to stimulus according to control center

5. response: the action/change created by effector

negative feedback loop

discourages stimulus -> returns system to set point

MORE common

positive feedback loop

encourages stimulus -> moves system further away from set point

LESS common

Muscular diseases/disorders

ALS, muscular dystrophy

Integumentary Diseases/disorders

melanoma, vitiligo, eczema, psoriasis, shingles

skeletal diseases/disorders

scoliosis, rheumatoid arthritis

nervous diseases/disorders

alzheimer's, parkinsons, epilepsy

cardiovascular diseases/disorders

stroke, heart attack, coronary artery disease

respiratory diseases/disorders

pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis

urinary diseases/disorders

UTI, Kidney stones

lymphatic diseases/disorders

lymphadema, lymphoma

digestive diseases/disorders

Crohns, stomach ulcer, colon cancer

endocrine diseases/disorders

PMOS, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, pancreatic cancer

reproductive diseases/disorders

cervical, testicular, ovarian, prostate cancer

PMOS, endometriosis, erectile dysfunction