MUL 2010 Chapter 1

Music may improve __ and cognition.

Memory

Music may mitigate the effects of \___ disease

Alzheimer's

Music may strengthen the \___ system

Immune

Music may ease \___

Depression

Music may increase \___

Motivation

Music may reduce \___

Pain

Perceives and analyzes sounds

Auditory cortex

Used when reading music or watching dance

Visual cortex

Processes tactile feedback

Somatosensory cortex

Controls movement

Motor cortex

Processes expression, behavior, and decision making

Prefrontal cortex

Processes emotions

Amygdala

Active during movement

Cerebellum

Active during musical memories

Hippocampus

A bridge between left and right brain. Music enhances the connections.

Corpus callosum

Listening to music releases pleasure- producing \___

Endorphins

Music may have provided an early model for social \___

Cooperation

Attentive listening helps us organize and \___

Focus

The involuntary \___ entrains to sound.

Nervous system

Lovely melodies softly played \___

Relax

Beating drums and searing trumpets \___

Excite

A \___ song recalls times gone by

Favorite

\___ invites us to reflect upon identity

National anthems

Loud sounds cause hearing \___

Loss

Loud sounds raise blood \___

Pressure

Loud sounds may contribute to heart \___

Disease

Loud sounds increase the breathing \___

Rate

Loud sounds disturb \___

Digestion

Loud sounds contribute to low \___ weight and premature \___

Birth

Sounds louder than \___ dB are dangerous

80

Sounds louder than \___ will cause pain

120

Extended exposure will cause \___ hearing loss

Permanent

Fan noises at stadiums can reach \___ dB

140

Earbuds can reach over \___ dB

120

Story of Orpheus and Eurydice demonstrates music's power over \___

Death

\___ deities sang humanity into existence

Hopi

The dance of the \___ deity Shiva animates the universe

Hindu

Culture is fluid and \___

Adaptable

The things we use and how we use them

Material aspects

The way people interact with one another and organize their communities

Social aspects

Self-generated webs of meaning within which people live their lives

Intellectual aspects

Defined culture as a "complex whole"

Edward Tylor

A people's acquired knowledge and beliefs, arts and morals, laws and customs

Complex whole

Drawing cultural boundaries is often a matter of \___

Perspective

There are \___ within cultures

Cultures

There are \___ (corporate) Cultures

Micro

Rap, R&B, EDM, bluegrass, jazz, world music, classical, blues, zydeco, country and western

Genres

We use music to reinforce \___

Identity

We use music to strengthen links to cultural \___

Heritage

Teens may use music to break free of cultural \___, to express individuality and independence

Expectations

Refers to the increasingly integrated worldwide flow of material goods and ideas

Globalization

One of culture's most penetrating, wide-ranging, and free-flowing artifacts

Music

Music traditions spread through commerce and reciprocal \___

Exchange

When members of a dominant culture take or adopt elements of a minority culture

Cultural appropriation

The trivializing, exploiting, "exoticizing", and even stealing cultural identity

Cultural appropriation

Adopters might say they are promoting diversity or showing admiration for another culture

Culture appropriation

The complexities of social context, privilege, and power

Cultural appropriation

Transmitted orally/aurally

World music or Global music

May be commercial or non-commercial

World music or Global music

Categorized by geographic region

World music or Global music

Categorized by ethnic origin

World music or Global music

Closely associated with the music industry

Popular music

Distributed through mass media

Popular music

Designed to appeal to a wide audience

Popular music

Works composed mostly by Europeans and peoples of the European diaspora. (Classical Music)

Western Art Music

From the 9th century to the present (Classical Music)

Western Art Music

Stylistically diverse (Classical Music)

Western Art Music

Composed by individuals and notated (Classical Music)

Western Art Music

Historical period of Western Art Music

The M____l Period

Medieval

Historical period of the Western Art Music

The R_____e Period

Renaissance

Historical period of the Western Art Music

The B____ Period

Baroque

Historical period of the Western Art Music

The C____l Period

Classical

Historical period of the Western Art Music

The R____c Period

Romantic

Historical period of the Western Art Music

The T____h C_____y Period

Twentieth Century

Development of Western musical notation

Medieval Period

Music composed for the church and nobility

Medieval Period

Early church music: plainchant using words of the Catholic sacred liturgy

Medieval Period

Secular entertainment music for dancing, love songs and stories

Medieval Period

Free-flowing single melodic line, no harmony

Medieval Period

"Rebirth" of interest in writings and art of ancient Greece and Rome

Renaissance Period

Church music: elaborate, multi-voiced works for the Catholic Mass

Renaissance Period

Secular music: French chanson, Italian and English madrigal

Renaissance Period

Instrumental music often improvised

Renaissance Period

Complex, intertwining melodies

Renaissance Period

Mostly vocal music survives

Renaissance Period

Named for ornamented, complex visual art and architecture

Baroque Period

Music unified by basso continuo

Baroque Period

Staged musical entertainment, sung throughout

Opera

Period that opera was in

Baroque Period

New instrumental genres: suite,sonata, and concerto

Baroque Period

Musical style based on architectural ideals of Classical Greece:

Clarity, Symmetry, Formal Balance

Classical Period

New instrumental genres: symphony and string quartet

Classical Period

Growing middle class influenced performance spaces: from private to public concerts

Classical Period

Focus on individual experience, emotional intensity

Romantic Period

Larger musical forces in orchestral music

Romantic Period

Folk melodies and rhythms reflect national and ethnic identities

Romantic Period

Virtuoso solo performers

Romantic Period

Disparate, sometimes conflicting aesthetics

Twentieth Century Period

New systems of harmony: atonality

Twentieth Century Period

Music without a tonal center

Atonality