nursing success

itis

inflammation

ectomy

surgical removal

otomy

surgical incision

ostomy

creation of a new opening

ology

study of

pathy

disease

emia

blood condition

hyper

excessive, above normal

hypo

deficient, below normal

brady

slow

tachy

fast

algia

pain

a-/an-

without, absence of

peri-

around

sub-

under, below

Anterior

toward the front

Posterior

toward the back

Superior

above, toward the head

Inferior

below, toward the feet

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Proximal

closer to point of origin

Distal

farther from point of origin

Sagittal plane

divides body into left/right

Coronal plane

divides body into front/back

Transverse plane

divides body into upper/lower

Supine

lying face up

Prone

lying face down

Cytology

study of cells

Histology

study of tissues

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

epidermis

outer layer of skin

subcutaneous

beneath the skin

erythema

redness of the skin

cyanosis

bluish discoloration from low oxygen

jaundice

yellowing of skin/eyes

pruritus

itching

urticaria

hives

necrosis

tissue death

lesion

abnormal tissue area

dermatologist

physician specializing on skin

onychomycosis

fungal infection of nail

alopecia

hair loss

sebaceous gland

oil-secreting gland

diaphoresis

produce sweating

osteoporosis

porus, weakened bone

arthritis

joint inflammation

fracture

broken bone

osteomyelitis

bone infection

kyphosis

abnormal outward spine curvature

scoliosis

abnormal sideways spine curvature

osteoarthritis

degenerative joint disease

cranium

skull

vertebrae

spinal bones

articulation

joint

osteoblast

bone forming cell

osteoclast

bone resorbing cell

costochondritis

inflammation of rib cartilage

orthopedist

physician treating bones/ joints

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune joint disease

Myalgia

muscle pain

Myopathy

muscle disease

Myositis

muscle inflammation

Atrophy

muscle wasting

Hypertrophy

muscle enlargement

Fibromyalgia

chronic widespread muscle pain

Tendinitis

tendon inflammation

Fasciitis

inflammation of fascia

Electromyography (EMG)

muscle electrical activity test

Flexion

bending a joint

Extension

straightening a joint

Abduction

moving away from midline

Adduction

moving toward midline

Contracture

permanent muscle shortening

Myasthenia gravis

autoimmune muscle weakness disorder

Tachycardia

fast heart rate

Bradycardia

slow heart rate

Arrhythmia

Irregular heart rhythm

Myocardial infarction

heart attack

Angina pectoris

chest pain from reduced blood flow

Atherosclerosis

arterial plaque buildup

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Hypotension

low blood pressure

Cardiomegaly

enlarged heart

Thrombosis

blood clot formation

Embolism

blocking clot/particle in vessel

Ischemia

reduced blood supply

Cardiomyopathy

heart muscle disease

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

Vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

kilogram

kg, metric unit of weight and used for weight based dosing, 1kg= 1,000g= 2.2 lb

gram

g, basic metric unit of weight, 1g =1,000 mg

miligram

mg, one thousandth of a gram and most common drug unit, 1mg=1000mcg

microgram

mcg, one millionth of a gram

liter

L, base metric unit of volume, 1L=1000mL

mililiter

mL, one thousandth of a liter and standard unit of liquid doses

pound

lb, household unit of eight, 1kg=2.2 lb

fluid ounce

fl oz (oz), household unit of volume, 1 fl oz=30 mL

teaspoon

tsp, household unit of volume, 1tsp=5mL

tablespoon

tbsp, household unit of volume, 1 tbsp=15mL=3tsp