Biology Unit 3 test

Cell Theory

1. All organisms are made of cells

2. All existing cells come from other living cells

3. The cell is the most basic unit of life

Prokaryote

Simple cell which does not have a nucleus

Eukaryote

Complex cell with membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Centriole

Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes

What parts of a animal cell is not in a plant cell?

Lysosome & Centriole

What does Chloroplast do?

Uses sunlight to make chemical energy

What does cell wall and central vacuole do?

Support the plant cell and help it maintain its shape

What does Mitocondria do?

Convert food (glucose & ATP) into energy. Found in both cells.

What are some examples of lipids?

fat & oils

What are Lipids functions?

1. energy storage/Primary use (very concentrated)

2. cell membrane

3. cushions organs

4. insulates body

What can be found in the cell membrane other than phospholipids and what other functions?

Cholesterol: makes membrane stronger

Carbohydrates: distinguishes one cell from another

Proteins: are the doorways to let substances pass through

what does water regulate?

Body!!!

What is a membrane made of?

Made of special kind of lipids (Phospholipids)

What is a cell membrane?

Membrane that surrounds and protects a cell

The cell membrane described as Semi-Permeable, what does that mean.

Allows some material to pass through while others cannot

What is meant by the fluid mosaic model?

Describes the cell membrane

On a Phospholipid what is the head called and is?

Called the Phosphate and is hydrophilic

On a Phospholipid what is the tails called and is?

Called the Fatty acid tails and is hydrophobic

What is Passive Transport?

molecules that move from high concentration to low: no energy needed

What is Active Transport

molecules that move from low to high concentration; requires energy

-uses protein pump

What is diffusion?

molecules that move from high & low concentration between phospholipids

what type of molecules is diffusion for?

For small, polar and non-polar molecules

What is Facilitated diffusion for?

diffusion using protein channel

What is Osmosis?

when water moves across a membrane to an area of high solute concentration (DIFFUSION OF WATER)

What is Isotonic?

Who's inside and outside are equal-water moves equally

What is Hypertonic?

more solutes outside than inside-water leaves cell

What is Hypotonic?

more solutes inside then outside-water moves into cell

Unique properties of water are due to what type of bond

hydrogen bond

What type of bonds can be found in a water molecule?

covalent bonds

What is the job of enzymes?

to speed up chemical reactions

What can affect enzyme function?

temperature pH and substrate concentration

What is a substrate?

the substrate that an enzyme acts on

What is an active site?

specific part of enzyme where substrate attaches to reaction

Can enzymes work on multiple substrates why or why not

no because an enzyme active site has a specific shape

What are phospholipids?

type of lipid molecule that blocks off all cellular membrane

Why are they important?

they form a structure barrier of all living cells

What are some examples of proteins?

enzymes and structural proteins

What are some other functions of proteins?

structural support and transport and storage