Clinical Laboratory Techniques & Procedures (Outcome 5.9) — Patient-Centered Collection, Handling, and Testing

Sample integrity

Ensuring a specimen accurately represents the patient, was collected properly, and has not been contaminated or altered.

Positive patient identification (ID)

The process of verifying a patient's identity using two patient identifiers before specimen collection.

Chain of custody (CoC)

A documented record of who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and tested a specimen.

Aseptic technique

Practices that reduce the introduction of microorganisms during specimen collection.

Sterile technique

Practices that completely exclude microorganisms from the field during certain medical procedures.

Controlled substance

Medications or chemicals that have restricted use due to potential for abuse and legal regulation.

Biohazardous materials

Substances that may contain pathogens and pose a risk to health.

Hemolysis

The rupture of red blood cells, which can cause invalid test results.

Short draw

An underfilling of a collection tube, which can cause inaccurate results due to wrong additive ratios.

Peripheral blood smear

A technique used to examine blood cell morphology on a microscope slide.

Anticoagulants

Substances that prevent blood clotting and are used in certain collection tubes.

Order of draw

The prescribed sequence of collecting blood samples to prevent contamination between different additives.

Informed participation

Engaging patients by explaining procedures to reduce anxiety and increase cooperation.

Specimen suitability

Criteria that determine if a specimen can yield valid, interpretable test results.

Rejection criteria

Standards used to determine when a specimen is unacceptable for testing.

CLIA-waived tests

Simple tests that are subject to minimal regulatory oversight and can be performed by non-laboratory personnel.

Witnessed wasting

The process of disposing of unused portions of controlled substances in the presence of another staff member.

Patient-centered care

An approach to healthcare that respects and responds to individual patient preferences, needs, and values.

Nerve injury

Damage to nerve endings potentially caused during venipuncture, indicated by sharp pain or tingling.

Specimen transportation

The process of moving specimens to the lab while maintaining their stability and integrity.

Documenting handoffs

Recording the transfer of a specimen to maintain chain of custody and ensure accountability.

Microcollection devices

Tools used for collecting small volume blood samples, often in pediatric patients.

Quality control (QC)

Measures taken to ensure tests are performed accurately and yield reliable results.

Contaminated specimen

A sample that has been contaminated, making it unsuitable for testing.