oxidative phosphorylation

products from krebs

• coenzyme A

• oxaloacetate

• ATP

• 3 NADH

• FADH2

• 2Co2

what is coenzyme A used for

• reused in link reaction

what is oxaloacetate used for

reused in krebs

what is ATP used for

• used for energy

what are the 3NADH used for

• oxidative phosphorylation

what is the FADH2 used for

• oxidative phosphorylation

what is the Co2 used for

• WASTE

what is the process oxidative phosphorylation

• the process where energy carried by electrons from reduced coenzymes is used to make ATP

• occurs in the presence of oxygen which is the final acceptor

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place

• inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)

electron transport chain simplified

• reduced NAD passes to a chain of electron carriers situated on the inner mitochondrial membrane

• hydrogen is removed from the reduced NAD and is split into H+ and an electron

oxidative phosphorylation meaning

• formation of ATP by the addition of a pi to ADP in the presence of oxygen

• current model is the chemiosmotic theory

chemiosomotic theory

• states that energy released from the ETC is used to pump protons (hydrogen ions) against their conc gradient into the intermembrane space

• the protons then diffuse back into the matrix through ATP synthase enzymes

products of respiration (without ETC)

product per molecule of glucose	Glycolysis	Link reaction	Krebs cycle	Total
NADH	2	2	6	10
FADH	0	0	2	2
carbon dioxide	0	2	4	6
ATP	2	0	2	4

theoretical yield

• each molecule of NAD that enters the electron transport chain theoretically produces 2.5 molecules of ATP and each FAD produces 1.5 molecules of ATP

• TOTAL YIELD FROM ETC= 28

• TOTAL OVERALL YIELD FROM 1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE= 32

how much atp is produced from substrate level phosphorylation

= 4

• 2 in glycolysis and 2 ( due to 2 turns of krebs)

how much ATP is made in oxidative phosphorylation

• 2.5 atp per nadh

• 1.5 atp can be made per fadh2