D11

GERD typical clinical features (Esophageal)?

Heartburn (cardinal symptom), regurgitation, dysphagia.

GERD atypical clinical features (Respiratory)?

Coughing and/or wheezing.

GERD atypical clinical features (ENT)?

Hoarseness, sore throat, otitis media.

GERD atypical clinical features (Chest & Dental)?

Non-cardiac chest pain, dental enamel erosion.

GERD atypical clinical features (Postural effect)?

Symptoms worsen when lying down.

GERD diagnostic methods?

PPI trial, Barium swallow, EGD esophageal manometry, 24-hour pH monitoring.

GERD complications (Inflammatory/Structural)?

Esophagitis, esophageal stricture/ulcer.

GERD complications (Malignancy risk)?

Barrett’s esophagus (precancerous).

Barrett’s esophagus risk factor (Duration)?

Long-standing reflux (>10 years).

Barrett’s esophagus risk factors (Demographics & Habits)?

Male gender, middle age, obesity, smoking.

Barrett’s esophagus risk factors (Socioeconomic)?

White race, high socioeconomic status.

GERD 1st line lifestyle modification (Weight & Portions)?

Weight loss if overweight, small frequent meals.

GERD 1st line lifestyle modification (Post-meal posture)?

No lying down for 3 hours after eating.

GERD 1st line lifestyle modification (Sleeping posture)?

Elevate head of bed by 8 inches.

GERD 1st line lifestyle modification (Dietary avoidances)?

Avoid: alcohol, chocolate, citrus juice, tomato-based foods.

GERD 1st line lifestyle modification (Physical actions)?

Avoid bending or stooping.