MEDTERM EXAM2

The process by which nutrients are taken into the bloodstream is

absorption

The process of getting rid of solid waste products that are not used by the body is called​

elimination

The alimentary canal is a tube that is approximately​ ______ feet long in adults.

30

The process of digestion begins in the

mouth

The purpose of digestive enzymes is to​

break down complex nutrients to be more readily absorbed

n the​ elderly, digestive system changes include weakening of muscle contractions and reduction of glandular secretions of digestive enzymes. There is also​ a/n

atrophy of the mucosal​ lining, reducing the ability to absorb nutrients

Water from ingested food is primarily reabsorbed in the

large intestine

Food is changed to a semiliquid material call​ chyme, which happens in the

stomach

Detoxification of toxins and production of bile occur in the

liver

Absorption of nutrients takes place primarily in the

small intestine

The dangling tissue that lies at the back of the soft palate and is supported by the soft palate is the

uvula

The organ that stores and concentrates bile is the​

gallbladder

The medical term for​ "baby teeth" is​ ________ teeth.

deciduous

A child has a total of​ ________ "milk​ teeth" or​ "baby teeth."

20

Teeth that have the primary function of​ cutting, with sharp edges for​ biting, are the

incisors

The teeth that have the primary function of grinding food into smaller parts are the​

molars

The bicuspid teeth are located

behind the canines

The four front teeth of the upper and lower jaw are the​

incisors

The topmost part of a tooth that rises above the gumline is the

crown

The pulp cavity receives nerves and blood vessels through the

root canal

Surrounding the neck of each tooth is the

gingival sulcus

The​ hardest, most compact material that covers the tooth above the gumline is the

enamel

The gomphosis is the

articulation that binds the tooth to the bone of the maxilla and mandible

The material that helps to anchor the periodontal ligament and provides protection to the root of the tooth is the​

cementum

There are​ ________ main pairs of salivary glands in the mouth.

3

The accessory organ that lies behind the stomach is the

pancreas

Bile is produced in the​

liver

The​ organ/s that actually start the process of chemical digestion by secreting digestive enzymes​ is/are the​

salivary glands

The organ that changes glucose to glycogen and stores it until needed is the​

liver

The organ that stores vitamins

B Subscript 12​,

​A, D,​ E, and K is the

liver

The medical term for difficulty in swallowing is

dysphagia

The correct spelling of the term that refers to​ black, tarry feces that contains digested blood is​

melena

The term that refers to the surgical removal of the gallbladder is​

cholecystectomy

A postprandial blood test must be taken​

after a meal

The term for passing black tarry stools is​

melena

The word​ ________ refers to wavelike contractions that occur in the alimentary canal and help move food through the digestive system.

peristalsis

If a child has ingested a toxic​ substance, Poison Control may direct the parent to give​ a/n

emetic

If a patient has an active duodenal​ ulcer, she would likely be prescribed​ a/an

histamine​ H2-receptor antagonist

An example of a systemic antacid would be​

sodium bicarbonate

In elderly patients with decreased stomach acid​ production, the medication that protects the stomach mucosa without inhibiting stomach acid release is​

Carafate​ (sucralfate)

A patient who has Helicobacter pylori​-associated ulcers would likely be treated with​

a​ two-, three-, or​ four-drug program

If a patient is suspected of having gastrointestinal bleeding but is currently without signs or​ symptoms, the stool would likely be evaluated for

occult blood

A blood test that is an indicator of possible cancer is

CEA

The​ x-ray imaging of the common bile duct and hepatic duct is​ a/n

cholangiography

Which of the following procedures would be used to visualize the​ liver?

Ultrasonography

Which of the following tests or procedures is done under direct​ visualization?

Colonoscopy

A patient with suspected decreased levels of HCl and atrophic gastritis would likely have​ a/n

gastric analysis

A child who is suspected of having pinworms would likely provide a stool sample for​

O&P

An​ x-ray imaging of the pancreas would be done with​ a/n

ERCP

A patient who with a suspected metabolic disorder would most likely undergo a panel of comprehensive tests referred to as​ a(n)

CMP

If a​ patient's chart indicates that a blood test should occur​ PP, when will that test be​ taken?

following a meal

A patient who has chronic dyspepsia and heartburn would likely be worked up for suspicion of​

GERD

The notch or indentation through which the renal and lymphatic vessels enter and leave the kidney is the​

hilum

The urinary system consists of​ __________ ureter(s).

2

The tube that leads from the urinary bladder to the external meatus is the​ __________.

urethra

The cluster of intertwining capillaries within the nephron is the​ __________.

glomerulus

The innermost layer of the bladder wall is composed of​ __________.

epithelium

The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal​ area, extending from the​ __________.

thoracic to the lumbar vertebrae​ (T12 to​ L3)

Urine is voided to the outside of the body via the​ ________.

urethra

The kidneys convert vitamin D into its active​ form, __________, which is needed to maintain healthy bones.

calcitriol

The structure within the kidney that contains the renal pyramids that drain into renal calyces is the​ __________.

medulla

The structural and functional units of the kidney that​ regulate, control, and then remove the waste products of metabolism from the blood plasma are the​ __________.

nephrons

The urinary bladder serves as a reservoir for urine and contains several​ layers, including the longitudinal muscle called the​ __________.

detrusor urinae

By filtering wastes out of the bloodstream and maintaining fluid​ balance, the urinary system helps to maintain​ __________.

homeostasis

​__________ is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample.

the clean catch method

It is important that a freshly voided specimen be used in urinalysis. If the specimen cannot be processed within the first​ hour, it should be​ __________.

refrigerated with time of collection noted on sample

A sterile urinary catheterization will most likely be done if the specimen is to be evaluated for the presence of

bacteria

A urinary catheterization is the process of introducing a catheter through the​ __________ into the bladder for withdrawal of urine.

urethra

Which is liver disorder that urinalysis may​ detect?

biliuria

A urine sample that is left standing for an extended period of time will​ __________.

deteriorate

Elevated levels of glucose in the urine can indicate​ __________.

diabetes

An abnormal reddish color to a urine sample might indicate​ __________.

hematuria

If urine is yellow to amber in​ color, it is​ __________.

normal

A urinalysis report indicates it is nitrite positive. This most likely indicates​ __________.

bacteriuria

A urinalysis report identifying an abnormally elevated level of urobilinogen might indicate​ __________.

hepatic or hemolytic disease

A patient having pyelonephritis would likely have a​ __________ level or reading.

positive proteinuria

A patient whose kidneys are not producing any urine at all has​ __________.

anuria

An adult who urinates in their sleep has the condition called​ __________.

enuresis

The condition of hardening of the kidney tissue is​ __________.

nephrosclerosis

The condition of having nitrogenous waste products in the blood is​ __________.

uremia

A person with hypercalciuria would have a greater chance of developing​ __________.

cystoliths

The correct spelling for inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis is​ __________.

pyelonephritis

The medications that can result in diuresis and resultant polyuria are the​ __________.

diuretics

Sulfonamide medications used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections are​ __________.

urinary tract antibacterials

A patient with excessive sodium in the blood​ (hypernatremia) would likely be treated with​ a/an __________.

loop diuretic

A child with nighttime bedwetting would likely be treated with​ __________.

tofranil

A patient having hypopotassemia would likely be treated with​ __________.

aldactone

A patient who is status​ post-acute urinary tract infection but with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections would likely be treated prophylactically with​ a/an __________ medication.

urinary tract antiseptic

CT​ __________ has surpassed all other imaging modalities to become the gold standard in detection of ureteric calculi

KUB

The glomerular filtration rate is calculated by knowing the rate of​ ____

creatinine clearance

A male patient being evaluated for prostatic hyperplasia as the cause of urinary retention would likely have​ a/an __________.

cystoscopy

A patient has a working diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. The study that would help confirm this diagnosis would be​ a/an __________.

renal biopsy

A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy is suspected of having nephrolithiasis. For diagnostic​ purposes, a noninvasive method using​ high-frequency sound waves that she could safely have is​ a/an __________.

ultrasound of the kidneys

A test involving removal of tissue from the kidney is​ a/an

renal biopsy

A patient with nephrolithiasis would likely undergo treatment with​ __________.

ESWL

A patient who has ESRD and does not want to undergo hemodialysis could try​ __________.

CAPD

The degree to which a liquid is an acid or alkaline is its​ __________.

pH

An inflammation of the urinary bladder is​ __________.

IC

A measurement of the amount of a liquid is​ __________.

mL

A patient presenting with increased secretion of potassium would have an insufficient amount of​ __________.

K