Unit 2b AP psych review

sensory memory

information first enters through your senses

shorter term/working term memory

information you are currently thinking about

long term memory

information stored for later use

automatic processing

happens without trying

effortless processing

requires attention and effort

implicit memory

memory without conscious awareness

explicit memory

memory you consciously know and can explain

serial position effect

we tend to remember the first and last items in a list better then the middle

primary effect

remembering the first items best because you have more time to rehearse them

recency effect

remembering the last items best because they are still short term memory

testing effect

taking practice tests improves your ability to remember information better than rereading it

visual encoding

remembering what something looks like

acoustic memory

remembering what something sounds like

semantic encoding

remembering what something means

chunking

breaking information up into smaller groups

acronyms

using the first letter if words to create a new word

acrostics

creating a sentence where each word starts with a letter you need to remember

method of loci

connecting information to familiar places

hierarchies

organizing information from general categories into smaller groups

sensory memory

brief immediate recording of information from your senses

iconic memory

brief visual memory

echoic memory

brief auditory memory

hippocampus

forms memories

infantile amnesia

inability to remember childhood experiences

source amnesia

remembering information but not from where you got it

retrograde amnesia

losing memories from before an injury or event

anterograde amnesia

difficulty forming new long term memories after an injury or event

retrieval cues

clues that access stored memories

priming

when exposure to one stimulus activates related information in your memory

perceptual set

a mental tendency to perceive something in a particular way based on expectations or experiences

state dependent memory

remembering something better when your are in the same physical or internal sate you learned it in

context dependent memory

tremebering information better in the same environment you learned it in

mood convergent memory

mood makes memories with similar emotional tone easier to remember

storage decay

memories fade over time earn not used or received

encoding failure

information Never properly enters long term memory

maintenance rehearsal

relating information over and over to keep in short memory

proactive

old info interferes with new info

retroactive

new info interferes with old info

memory consolidation

process of stabilizing a newly formed memory sp it can be permanent

correlation coefficient

measures strength and direction of a relationship between 2 variables

shallow processing

remembering surface eleven features instead of the meaning

confounding variable

an outside factor that affects the results of an experiment

imagery

creating mental pictures to help remember info

independent variable

what researcher changes

dependent variable

variable being measured

ethics

rules that protect research participants

meta cognition

thinking about pour own thinking and learning

ebbinghuas’ forgetting curve

shows that forgetting happens rapidly at first then slows down

misinformation effect

incorrect after and event changes someones memory of it

convenience sample

a sample selected because participants are easy to access