test 1 acp us history

George Grenville – The British prime minister who introduced taxes on the American colonies to help pay Britain's war debt.

Sugar Act – A 1764 law that taxed sugar and molasses and increased enforcement of trade laws.

Vice

Admiralty Courts – Courts without juries that tried people accused of smuggling and breaking trade laws.

Stamp Act – A 1765 law that taxed printed materials, such as newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards.

Sons of Liberty – A group of colonists who protested British taxes and laws.

Declaratory Act – A 1766 law stating that Britain had the right to make laws for the colonies.

Virtual Representation – The British belief that Parliament represented all British subjects, including colonists who could not vote for members of Parliament.

Townshend Acts – Laws that taxed imported goods such as glass, tea, paper, and lead.

Sam Adams – A colonial leader who helped organize protests against British taxes and supported independence.

Boston Massacre – A 1770 event in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists in Boston, killing five people.

Committees of Correspondence – Groups that shared information about British actions and helped unite the colonies against Britain.

Tea Act – A 1773 law that gave the British East India Company an advantage in selling tea to the colonies, leading to protests.

Boston Tea Party – A 1773 protest in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.

Intolerable Acts – A series of harsh British laws passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

Quartering Act – A law requiring colonists to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers under certain conditions.

First Continental Congress – A 1774 meeting where colonial representatives discussed how to respond to British policies.

Lexington and Concord – The Massachusetts battles in April 1775 that began the American Revolutionary War.

Second Continental Congress – A meeting in 1775 where colonial leaders organized the Continental Army and managed the war effort.

Olive Branch Petition – A 1775 letter asking King George III to resolve the conflict peacefully, which he rejected.

Battle of Bunker Hill – A 1775 battle near Boston in which the British won but suffered heavy casualties.

John Locke – An Enlightenment thinker who argued that people have natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, and that government needs the consent of the governed.

Thomas Paine – A writer who published Common Sense, encouraging the colonists to seek independence from Britain.

Declaration of Independence – The document adopted on July 4, 1776, announcing that the American colonies were independent from Britain.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert – An English explorer who tried to establish an English colony in North America.

Roanoke – An English colony established in 1587 that mysteriously disappeared, earning it the name the Lost Colony.

Joint

Stock Companies – Businesses where people invest money together to help pay for expensive projects, such as starting colonies.

Charter – An official document giving permission to establish a colony or granting certain rights.

Jamestown – The first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in Virginia in 1607.

John Rolfe – An English colonist who helped make tobacco a profitable cash crop in Virginia.

Indentured Servants – People who agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America and sometimes food and housing.

Alternate Forms of Labor – Different ways people worked to produce goods, including indentured servitude, enslaved labor, and paid labor.

Mestizos – People of mixed Indigenous American and European ancestry.

Nathaniel Bacon – A Virginia colonist who led a rebellion against the colonial government in 1676.

Henry VIII – King of England who broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England.

Puritans (Separatists) – Puritans who wanted to completely separate from the Church of England because they believed it was too Catholic. The Pilgrims were Separatists.

Puritans (Non

Separatists) – Puritans who wanted to reform the Church of England from within instead of leaving it completely. Many later settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Pilgrims – Separatists who left England seeking religious freedom and founded Plymouth Colony.

Mayflower – The ship that carried the Pilgrims to North America in 1620.

Plymouth – A colony in present

day Massachusetts founded by the Pilgrims in 1620.

Mayflower Compact – An agreement signed by the Pilgrims to establish a government and follow rules for their colony.

Puritan Beliefs – Puritans believed in a simple church, strict religious behavior, hard work, and following the Bible.

Roger Williams – A religious leader who believed in religious freedom and separation of church and state. He founded Rhode Island.

The Providence Colony – A settlement founded by Roger Williams in 1636 that became part of Rhode Island and welcomed people seeking religious freedom.

Why Did Disputes Rise Between Colonists and the Native American Population? – Disputes grew because colonists took Native American land, expanded their settlements, and competed for resources.

King Philip's War – A war from 1675 to 1676 between Native American groups led by Metacom and English colonists in New England.

Henry Hudson – An English explorer who explored waterways in North America while working for the Dutch.

Dutch East India Company – A Dutch trading company that focused on trade in Asia and helped support Dutch overseas exploration.

Duke of York – The English royal who received control of New Netherland and renamed it New York in 1664.

William Penn – A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania as a colony offering religious freedom.

Quakers – A Christian religious group that believed in equality, peace, and the importance of each person's relationship with God.