Holder Bio 2 Exam 3 Flashcard Set 1

Living organisms exchange what with their surroundings?

Materials and energy

Living organisms obtain what from organic molecules?

Energy

Living organisms synthesize what?

Organic molecules

Living organisms respond to changes in their immediate environment.

True

Living organisms reproduce themselves.

True

What is a tissue?

An association of many similar cells with a common structure and function.

What are the four major tissue types?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

Epithelial tissue

Which tissue type connects, supports, and protects structures?

Connective tissue

Which tissue type contracts to generate movement?

Muscle tissue

Which tissue type conducts electrical signals?

Nervous tissue

What is the main structural feature of epithelial tissue?

Densely packed sheets of cells

Epithelial tissue covers what?

Body surfaces

Epithelial tissue lines what?

Body cavities

Epithelial tissue encloses what?

Organs

Name two major functions of epithelial tissue.

Protection and secretion

Epithelial tissue can function as a what?

Selective barrier

What membrane lies beneath epithelial tissue?

Basement membrane

Simple squamous epithelium consists of what?

One layer of flattened cells

Which epithelial tissue is best for diffusion?

Simple squamous

Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of what?

One layer of cube-shaped cells

Simple columnar epithelium consists of what?

One layer of tall cells

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium looks like what?

Stratified epithelium

Is pseudostratified epithelium actually multilayered?

No

Stratified squamous epithelium contains how many layers?

Multiple layers

Which epithelial tissue is specialized for stretching?

Transitional epithelium

What is another key feature of transitional epithelium?

It is multilayered

What is the primary feature that distinguishes connective tissue?

Extracellular matrix

What does the extracellular matrix provide?

A scaffold for cell attachment

What does connective tissue do?

Connects, surrounds, anchors, binds, transports, and supports

Connective tissue helps hold what in place?

Internal organs

Connective tissue provides what type of strength?

Mechanical strength

Connective tissue cushions and protects tissues.

True

What is the function of blood?

Transport

Blood is classified as what tissue type?

Connective tissue

What is adipose tissue?

Fat tissue

Main functions of adipose tissue?

Insulation, energy storage, support

Bone primarily provides what?

Support and protection

Cartilage provides what?

Support and flexibility

What are muscle cells specialized to do?

Contract

Muscle contraction generates what?

Movement

Muscle tissue can decrease the diameter of what?

Tubes

Muscle tissue can exert pressure on what?

Fluid-filled cavities

Where is skeletal muscle attached?

Skeleton

Skeletal muscle is responsible for what?

Locomotion

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary

Skeletal muscle cells are described as what?

Elongated fibers

Where is smooth muscle found?

Around tubes and cavities

Smooth muscle performs what movement?

Propulsion of contents

Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary

Smooth muscle cells are generally what shape?

Flattened or spindle-like

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Only in the heart

Is cardiac muscle voluntary?

No

Cardiac muscle consists of what kind of fibers?

Elongated fibers

Nervous tissue consists of what two components?

Neurons and supporting cells

What do neurons initiate?

Electrical signals

What do neurons conduct?

Electrical signals

What is the primary function of nervous tissue?

Communication within the body

Function #1 of neurons?

Initiate electrical signals

Function #2 of neurons?

Stimulate muscle cells

Function #3 of neurons?

Stimulate glands to release chemicals

Function #4 of neurons?

Stimulate muscle cells to contract

Supporting cells provide what to neurons?

Metabolic support and a supportive environment

An organ contains how many tissue types?

Multiple tissue types

Tissues may be organized into what structures?

Layers, bundles, tubes, and strips

The stomach is an example of what?

An organ containing all four tissue types

What epithelium covers the outside of the stomach?

Simple squamous epithelium

What tissue connects layers of the stomach?

Connective tissue

What muscle tissue is present in the stomach wall?

Smooth muscle

What is the function of stomach smooth muscle?

Propel food

What tissue helps regulate stomach activity?

Nervous tissue

What type of epithelium lines the stomach cavity?

Simple columnar epithelium

What does the stomach simple columnar epithelium secrete?

Protective mucus

What other substances are secreted into the stomach cavity?

Acid and enzymes

Tissue specialized for transport?

Blood

Tissue specialized for flexibility?

Cartilage

Tissue specialized for insulation?

Adipose

Tissue specialized for support and protection?

Bone

Tissue specialized for contraction?

Muscle

Tissue specialized for electrical signaling?

Nervous

Basement membrane is associated with what tissue?

Epithelial tissue

Which epithelial tissue stretches?

Transitional

Which epithelial tissue only appears multilayered?

Pseudostratified columnar

Which stomach tissue controls contractions?

Nervous tissue regulates them; smooth muscle performs them

Which stomach tissue propels food?

Smooth muscle

Which stomach tissue secretes protective mucus?

Simple columnar epithelium