ch 5 enatiomers

chiral centers

are also sterocenters!! tetrahedral center with four different groups attached!!

stereocenters

pi bonds can have these on either side of them when the groups on the same side (r or L) are not the same groups

wedge

out of page at you

dash

into the page away from you

superimposable

use model kit to make sure you have drawn a non-____________ mirror image.

identical

because the structures of enatiomers are so similar, many of their properties are _________.

optical actvity

how can one enatiomer be distinguished from another? this only works for chiral molecules

optically active

compounds that can rotate the plane or plane- polarized light are called ____________ __________. (chiral)

specific rotation

the degree to which an enatiomer rotates light is called _________ _____________, this is a physical property of a molecule.

opposite

enatiomers will rotate plane polarized light in equal but __________ directions

50

if you have a racemic mixture, aka ___% of each enatiomer, then the light rotation cancels out so there is none. 0 degrees of specific rotation

+

plane of light rotated to right

-

plane of light rotated to left

R/S

there is no relationship between the ____ configuration and the direction of light rotation (+/-). this is just a naming convention it has no impact on physical properties. only works for chiral centers

rule one (cahn ingold)

using atomic numbers, prioritize the four groups attached to the chiral center. the higher the atomic number, the higher the priority. use mass number if there is a tie. analyze one layer at a time