Module 3: Eating Disorders, Addictive Disorders, Sleep-Wake Disorders, and Health Psychology

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering eating disorders, addiction mechanisms, sleep-wake disorders, and health psychology concepts from Module 3.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by restriction and persistent energy limitation, where low weight is central; it may include restricting or binge/purge features and carries severe medical risk even when the person does not perceive a problem.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder marked by recurrent binge eating with a sense of loss of control followed by compensatory behaviors (such as vomiting, fasting, exercise, or laxatives), where weight may be within a typical range.

Binge-eating disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating with a loss of control but without regular compensatory behaviors, where weight varies.

Positive reinforcement

A learning process in which a behavior increases because it produces or adds a rewarding outcome.

Negative reinforcement

A learning process in which a behavior increases because it removes or reduces an unpleasant state.

Tolerance

An adaptation to repeated use where more of a substance is needed to produce the same effect (reduced effect at the same dose).

Withdrawal

Physical or psychological symptoms that emerge after reduction or cessation of a substance following adaptation to repeated use.

Craving / relapse

A phenomenon wherein cues, stress, or learned associations reactivate motivation for substance use after abstinence.

Gambling disorder

A condition classified as a behavioral addiction; diagnosis requires meeting the specific DSM symptom threshold rather than simply any gambling behavior.

Insomnia disorder

A sleep disturbance characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep despite having adequate opportunity to sleep.

Narcolepsy

A sleep-wake disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, strongly indicated by the presence of cataplexy.

Cataplexy

A sudden loss of muscle tone often linked to emotion, serving as a primary clue for narcolepsy.

Hypersomnolence disorder

A disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness where sleep quantity is adequate, but daytime alertness remains impaired.

REM sleep behavior disorder

A sleep disorder characterized by acting out dreams during REM sleep, contrasting with non-REM arousal disorders which typically involve limited recall.

Sleepwalking

A parasomnia involving non-REM arousal with little or no memory, where the motor behavior occurs during arousal from non-REM sleep.

Obstructive sleep apnea

A breathing-related sleep disorder where airflow stops despite continued respiratory effort.

Central sleep apnea

A breathing-related sleep disorder characterized by the complete absence of respiratory effort.

Health psychology

The subfield of psychology that studies psychological factors that promote and maintain good health.

Behavioral medicine

An interdisciplinary field that applies behavioral science to preventing, diagnosing, and treating medical problems.

Stress

A physiological response that varies across individuals, evoked by an external event or circumstance.

Stressor

The specific event or trigger that evokes a physiological stress response.

Psychoneuroimmunology

The field of study examining how psychological processes influence neurobiological and immune functioning.

Chronic fatigue

A condition in which a cycle of physical symptoms, distress, unhelpful beliefs, avoidance, inactivity, and episodic overactivity maintains prolonged impairment.

Chronic pain

Pain that persists over time and is subjective, shaped by perceived control, emotion, coping, social reinforcement, and physiological processes.