Chapter 4 - Muscular system

0.0(0)

Studied by 4 people

Call Kai

Learn

Practice Test

Spaced Repetition

Match

Flashcards

Knowt Play

Card Sorting

1/28

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

29 Terms

New cards

Origin

End of muscle
Attached to least movable structure

<ul><li><p>End of muscle</p></li><li><p>Attached to least movable structure </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Insertion

Other end of muscle
Attached to movable structure
Insertion moves towards origin

New cards

6 muscular groups

Cervical muscle
Muscle of mastication
Muscle of facial expression
Muscle of the tongue
Muscle of the soft palate
Hyoid muscles

Crashing My Finals, This Semester’s Hell

New cards

Cervical muscles

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle

Large, thick, superficial
Origin
- Clavicle and sternum
Insertion
- Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action
- Tilting head when both right and left side contract
  Rotating head when one side contracts

Trapezius muscle

Broad, flat, triangular muscle
Origin
- Occipital bone
Insertion
- Clavicle and scapula
Action
- Shrug shoulders (lift clavicle and scapula up)

Both

Paired muscles (left and right)

<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 24, 255);"><strong>Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Large, thick, superficial</p></li><li><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Clavicle and sternum</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Mastoid process of temporal bone</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Tilting head when both right and left side contract</span><br><span>Rotating head when one side contracts</span></p></li></ul></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 9, 255);"><strong>Trapezius muscle</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Broad, flat, triangular muscle</p></li><li><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Occipital bone</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Clavicle and scapula</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Shrug shoulders (lift clavicle and scapula up)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Both</strong></p><ul><li><p>Paired muscles (left and right)</p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Muscle of mastication</strong></span><br><br>“eat time”</p>

Muscle of mastication

“eat time”

4 paired muscles
- TIME
- Temporalis muscle
- Internal (medial) pterygoid muscle
- Masseter muscle
- External (lateral) pterygoid muscle

→ All innervated by 3rd division of CNV (Trigeminal nerve)

Work with TMJ to move
Elevate ↑ , protrude →, retrude ← and move mandible laterally
Nerve supply: 3rd division of CN V (trigeminal nerve)

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of mastication: </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Temporalis </strong></span></p>

Muscle of mastication: Temporalis

Broad fan shaped muscle

Origin

Temporal fossa

Insertion

Coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible

Action

WHOLE muscle contracts — Raises (elevates) mandible
POSTERIOR fibers contract — Retrusion (backward motion) of mandible

<ul><li><p>Broad fan shaped muscle</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Temporal fossa</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>WHOLE muscle contracts — Raises (elevates) mandible</p></li><li><p>POSTERIOR fibers contract — Retrusion (backward motion) of mandible</p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of mastication: Internal (medial) pterygoid

Superficial and deep heads located at different depths

Deep head

Origin
- Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Insertion
- Ramus and angle of the mandible

Superficial head

Origin

Palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity

Insertion

Ramus and angle of the mandible

Action

Elevates mandible (weaker than masseter)
Not as strong as masseter muscle

Both deep and superficial insertion = same

<ul><li><p>Superficial and deep heads located at different depths</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Deep head</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Ramus and angle of the mandible</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Superficial head</strong></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Ramus and angle of the mandible</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates mandible (weaker than masseter)</p></li><li><p>Not as strong as masseter muscle</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Both deep and superficial insertion = same </p>

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of mastication: </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Masseter muscle</strong></span></p>

Muscle of mastication: Masseter muscle

Most superficial
Strongest muscle
2 heads at different depths
- Superficial
- Deep

Origin

Zygomatic arch and zygoma

Insertion

Lateral surface of angle of mandible

Action

Raise (elevates) mandible
Clench teeth, feel muscle through cheek

<ul><li><p>Most superficial</p></li><li><p>Strongest muscle</p></li><li><p>2 heads at different depths</p><ul><li><p>Superficial</p></li><li><p>Deep</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Zygomatic arch and zygoma</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Lateral surface of angle of mandible</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Raise (elevates) mandible </p></li><li><p>Clench teeth, feel muscle through cheek</p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Muscle of mastication: </strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>External (Lateral) pterygoid muscle</strong></span></p>

Muscle of mastication: External (Lateral) pterygoid muscle

Short, thick muscle
Has superior and inferior head

Superior head

Origin

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Insertion

TMJ disc and capsule

Inferior head

Origin

Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Insertion

Mandible condyle inner surface of mandible

Action

Depressing and protruding mandible when both sides (R/L) contracts
- Protrude = both sides contract
- Right muscle contracts → jaw moves left
- Left muscle contracts → Jaw moves right
Lateral movement only when 1 side contracts (On the side that’s contracting)

Only muscle of mastication that depresses the mandible aka OPENS THE JAW

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid = elevates

<ul><li><p>Short, thick muscle</p></li><li><p>Has superior and inferior head</p></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(245, 0, 0);"><strong>Superior head</strong></span></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Greater wing of sphenoid bone</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>TMJ disc and capsule</p></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Inferior head</strong></span></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Mandible condyle inner surface of mandible</p></li></ul><div data-type="horizontalRule"><hr></div><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Depressing and protruding mandible when both sides (R/L) contracts</p><ul><li><p>Protrude = both sides contract</p></li><li><p>Right muscle contracts → jaw moves left</p></li><li><p>Left muscle contracts → Jaw moves right</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Lateral movement only when 1 side contracts (On the side that’s contracting)</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Only muscle of mastication that <strong><u>depresses </u></strong>the mandible aka OPENS THE JAW</p><p>Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid = elevates</p>

New cards

Muscle of mastication actions

Protrusion

Forward
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle (assist)

Retraction

Temporalis muscle
Suprahyoid muscle

Elevation

Temporalis muscle
Masseter muscle
Medial pterygoid muscle

Depression

Gravity
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Supra— & Infrahyoid muscle

<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Protrusion</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Forward </p></li><li><p>Lateral pterygoid muscle </p></li><li><p>Medial pterygoid muscle (assist) </p></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(200, 177, 0);"><strong>Retraction</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Temporalis muscle</p></li><li><p>Suprahyoid muscle</p></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(105, 0, 255);"><strong>Elevation</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Temporalis muscle</p></li><li><p>Masseter muscle </p></li><li><p>Medial pterygoid muscle </p></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 123, 255);"><strong>Depression</strong></span><strong> </strong></p><ul><li><p>Gravity</p></li><li><p>Lateral pterygoid muscle</p></li><li><p>Supra— & Infrahyoid muscle </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>facial expression</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong> </strong></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>(Disgust)</strong></span></p>

Muscle of facial expression (Disgust)

Levator labii superioris alaque nasi muscle

Origin

Frontal process of the maxilla

Insertion

(1) Ala of the nose
(2) Upper lip

Action

Elevates upper lip and flares nostrils
Seen in sneering or disgust

<p><strong>Levator labii superioris alaque nasi muscle</strong></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Frontal process of the maxilla</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>(1) Ala of the nose</p></li><li><p>(2) Upper lip</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates upper lip and flares nostrils</p></li><li><p>Seen in sneering or disgust</p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>facial expression (Smile) </strong></span></p>

Muscle of facial expression (Smile)

Levator labii superioris muscle
Zygomaticus minor muscle
- Origin: Zygomatic bone
- Insertion & action: Same

Origin

Frontal process of maxilla

Insertion

Skin of upper lip

Action

Elevates upper lip
Seen in smiling

Zygomaticus major muscle

Origin

Zygomatic bone

Insertion

Skin at labial commissure and orbicularis oris

Action

Elevates labial commissure of the upper lip and pulls laterally

Levator anguli oris muscle

Origin

Canine fossa

Insertion

Skin at angle of mouth (labial commissures)

Action

Elevates labial commissure

Risorius muscle

Thin, fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle

Origin

Fascia overlying masseter muscle

Insertion

Angle of mouth

Action

Moves angle of mouth laterally

5 muscles for smiling

Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Levator anguli oris
Risorius

<ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Levator labii superioris muscle</strong></span></p></li><li><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Zygomaticus minor muscle</strong></span></p><ul><li><p><strong>Origin: </strong>Zygomatic bone</p></li><li><p><strong>Insertion & action: Same</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Frontal process of maxilla</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin of upper lip</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates upper lip</p></li><li><p>Seen in smiling</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Zygomaticus major muscle</strong></span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Zygomatic bone</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin at labial commissure and orbicularis oris</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates labial commissure of the upper lip and pulls laterally</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Levator anguli oris muscle</strong></span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Canine fossa</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin at angle of mouth (labial commissures)</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates labial commissure</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Risorius muscle</strong></span></p></li></ul><p>Thin, fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle</p><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Fascia overlying masseter muscle</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Angle of mouth</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Moves angle of mouth laterally</p></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 24, 255);"><strong>5 muscles for smiling</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Levator labii superioris</p></li><li><p>Zygomaticus minor</p></li><li><p>Zygomaticus major</p></li><li><p>Levator anguli oris</p></li><li><p>Risorius</p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>facial expression: </strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Buccinator muscle</strong></span></p>

Muscle of facial expression: Buccinator muscle

Origin

Pterygomandibular raphe (tendinous tissue)
- Tissue located to most distal molar of mandibular

Insertion

Skin at the labial commissure

Action

Pulls angle of mouth laterally and posteriorly
- Aids in mastication to keep food between cheek and teeth
- Helps forcibly expel air or create sucking action

“Trumpet muscle”

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Pterygomandibular raphe (tendinous tissue)</p><ul><li><p>Tissue located to most distal molar of mandibular</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin at the labial commissure</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Pulls angle of mouth laterally and posteriorly</p><ul><li><p>Aids in mastication to keep food between cheek and teeth</p></li><li><p>Helps forcibly expel air or create sucking action</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p>“Trumpet muscle” </p>

New cards

Muscle of facial expression: Platysma muscle

Origin

Skin superficial to the clavicle and shoulder

Insertion

Inferior border of the mandible

Action

Raises skin of neck and pulls labial commissure down

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin superficial to the clavicle and shoulder</p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Inferior border of the mandible </p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Raises skin of neck and pulls labial commissure down </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of facial expression: Depressor anguli oris muscle

Frowning / disgust

Origin

Inferior border of the mandibular

Insertion

Skin at labial commissure

Action

Depresses labial commissure (pulls lips down)

<ul><li><p>Frowning / disgust </p></li></ul><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Inferior border of the mandibular </p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin at labial commissure </p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Depresses labial commissure (pulls lips down) </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of facial expression: Depressor labii inferioris muscle

Irony

Origin

Inferior border of mandible

Insertion

Skin of lower lip

Action

Depresses lower lip to expose mandibular incisor teeth

<ul><li><p>Irony </p></li></ul><p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Inferior border of mandible </p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin of lower lip</p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Depresses lower lip to expose mandibular incisor teeth </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

<p><strong>Muscle of </strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>facial expression: </strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Orbicularis <u>o</u>ris muscle</strong></span></p>

Muscle of facial expression: Orbicularis oris muscle

Origin

Encircles mouth (no bony attachment)

Insertion

Skin of lips at labial commissures and philtrum

Action

Close lips
- Rolling inward between teeth (grimacing)
- Thrusting lips outwards (pouting/ kissing)
Pursing lips

NO bony attachment

<p><strong>Origin</strong></p><ul><li><p>Encircles mouth (no bony attachment) </p></li></ul><p><strong>Insertion</strong></p><ul><li><p>Skin of lips at labial commissures and philtrum </p></li></ul><p><strong>Action</strong></p><ul><li><p>Close lips </p><ul><li><p>Rolling inward between teeth (grimacing)</p></li><li><p>Thrusting lips outwards (pouting/ kissing)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Pursing lips </p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>NO bony attachment </p></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of facial expression: Mentalis muscle

Origin

Mandible near midline

Insertion

Skin of chin

Action

Raises chin

New cards

Muscle of the tongue

Complex movements (actions)

Mastication
Swallowing
Speaking

Grouped according to location

Intrinsic
- Muscles inside tongue
- Not attached to bone
Extrinsic
- Muscles outside tongue
  - Insertion inside tongue
  - Origin outside tongue

<p><strong>Complex movements (actions) </strong></p><ul><li><p>Mastication</p></li><li><p>Swallowing</p></li><li><p>Speaking</p></li></ul><p></p><p><strong>Grouped according to location</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Intrinsic</strong></p><ul><li><p>Muscles inside tongue</p></li><li><p>Not attached to bone</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Extrinsic</strong></p><ul><li><p>Muscles outside tongue</p><ul><li><p>Insertion inside tongue</p></li><li><p>Origin outside tongue</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of the tongue: Intrinsic

Longitudinal muscle — superior and inferior
Transverse muscle
Verticle muscle

Inside tongue, no bony connection

New cards

Muscle of the tongue: Extrinsic — SGH (sigh)

Styloglossus muscle
- attached to styloid process
Genioglossus muscle
- Attached to genio tubercles in mandible
Hyoglossus muscle
- Attached to hyoid bone

Origin outside, insertion inside

<ul><li><p><strong>Styloglossus muscle</strong></p><ul><li><p>attached to styloid process</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Genioglossus muscle</strong></p><ul><li><p>Attached to genio tubercles in mandible</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Hyoglossus muscle</strong></p><ul><li><p>Attached to hyoid bone</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p><p>Origin outside, insertion inside</p><p></p>

New cards

Muscle of the soft palate (PP—LTM)

Involved in speaking and swallowing

Palatoglossus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
Levator veli palatini muscle
Tensor veli palatini muscle
Muscle of the uvula

Just know they belong to soft palate

<p>Involved in speaking and swallowing</p><ul><li><p>Palatoglossus muscle</p></li><li><p>Palatopharyngeus muscle</p></li><li><p>Levator veli palatini muscle</p></li><li><p>Tensor veli palatini muscle</p></li><li><p>Muscle of the uvula</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Just know they belong to soft palate</p>

New cards

<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Hyoid </strong></span><strong>muscles </strong></p>

Hyoid muscles

Suprahyoid muscle

(Grand Master Diamond Support)

Above hyoid bone
Geniohyoid
Myloyhoid
Digastric

Stylohyoid

Digastric + mylohyoid
- Elevates hyoid bone, depress mandible
Mylohyoid
- Forms floor of the mouth

Infrahyoid muscle

(TOSS)

Below hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid muscle

Omohyoid muscle
Sternothyroid muscle

Sternohyoid muscle

Just know which belongs to supra/infra

<p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Suprahyoid muscle</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong><u>(G</u>rand <u>M</u>aster <u>D</u>iamond <u>S</u>upport) </strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Above hyoid bone</p></li><li><p>Geniohyoid</p></li><li><p>Myloyhoid</p></li><li><p>Digastric </p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Stylohyoid</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Digastric + mylohyoid</strong></p><ul><li><p>Elevates hyoid bone, depress mandible</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Mylohyoid</strong></p><ul><li><p>Forms floor of the mouth</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>Infrahyoid muscle</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><strong>(TOSS)</strong></span></p><ul><li><p>Below hyoid bone</p></li><li><p>Thyrohyoid muscle</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Omohyoid muscle</p></li><li><p>Sternothyroid muscle</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Sternohyoid muscle</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Just know which belongs to supra/infra</p>

New cards

Muscle of facial expression (oral region) summary

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi muscle	Frontal process of maxilla	Ala of nose Upper lip	elevates upper lip and flares nostrils (sneer) disgust
Levator labii superioris muscle	frontal process of maxilla	skin of the upper lip	elevates upper lip smiling
Zygomaticus minor muscle	zygomatic bone	skin of the upper lip	elevates upper lip smiling
Zygomaticus major muscle	zygomatic bone	skin at labial commissure and orbicularis oris	elevates labial commissure of the upper lip and pulls laterally smiling
Levator anguli oris muscle	canine fossa	skin at angle of mouth	elevates labial commissure smiling
Risorius muscle Thin, fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle	fascia overlying masseter muscle	angle of mouth	moves angle of mouth laterally smiling
Buccinator muscle	pterygomandibular raphe (tendinous tissue)	skin at the labial commissure	Pulls angle of mouth back laterally and posteriorly Aids in mastication to keep food between cheek and teeth Helps forcibly expel air or create sucking action. “Trumpet Muscle”
Platysma muscle	skin superficial to the clavicle and shoulder	inferior border of the mandible	raises skin of the neck and pulls labial commissure down
Depressor anguli oris muscle	inferior border of the md	skin at labial commissure	depresses labial commissure Frowning or disgust
Depressor labii inferioris muscle	inferior border of md	skin of lower lip	depresses lower lip to expose mandibular incisor teeth irony
Orbicularis oris muscle	encircles mouth (no bony attachment)	skin of lips at labial commissures and philtrum	Closing lips Rolling inward between teeth (grimacing) Thrust lips outward (pouting, kissing) Pursing lips
Mentalis muscle	mandible near midline	skin of chin	raises chin

New cards

Cervical muscles summary

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Sternocleidomastoid muscle	Clavicle and sternum	Mastoid process of the temporal bone	Tilting head when both right and left side contract Rotating head when one side contracts
Trapezius muscle	Occipital bone	Clavicle and scapula	Shrug shoulders (lift clavicle and scapula

New cards

Muscles of mastication summary

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action
Masseter muscle -most superficial -strongest -superficial and deep head	zygomatic arch and zygoma	lateral surface of the angle of the mandible	Raises (elevates) mandible Clench teeth, you can feel muscle through cheek.
Temporalis muscle -Broad fan shaped muscle	Temporal fossa	Coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible	WHOLE muscle contracts - Raises (elevates) mandible POSTERIOR fibers contracts – Retrusion (backward motion)
Lateral pterygoid muscle -Short, thick muscle -superior and inferior head	Superior head - Greater wing of sphenoid Inferior head - Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone	Superior head - TMJ disc and capsule Inferior head - Mand. Condyle inner surface	Depressing and protruding mandible when both R/L sides contracts Lateral movement - when only one side contracts *Only one MoM that depresses mandible
Medial pterygoid muscle -superficial and deep head	Deep head - lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone Superficial head - Palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity	ramus and angle of md	Elevates mandible (weaker than masseter)

New cards

Muscles of the hyoid summary

Muscle Group	Muscles	Action
Suprahyoid muscles	Digastric muscle Mylohyoid muscle Stylohyoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Digastric and mylohyoid – elevate hyoid bone, depress mandible Mylohyoid – forms floor of the mouth	Assist in mastication and swallowing
Infrahyoid muscles	Sternothyroid muscle Sternohyoid muscle Omohyoid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle	Assist in mastication and swallowing

New cards

Muscles of the tongue summary

Muscle Group	Muscles	Action
Intrinsic muscles inside the tongue, not attached to bone	Longitudinal muscle – Superior and inferior Transverse muscle Vertical muscle	Mastication Speaking Swallowing
Extrinsic muscles origin is outside the tongue but insertion is inside the tongue	Styloglossus muscle Genioglossus muscle Hyoglossus muscle	Mastication Speaking Swallowing

New cards

Muscles of the soft palate summary

Muscles	Action
Palatoglossus muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Levator veli palatini muscle Tensor veli palatini muscle Muscle of the uvula	Speaking and swallowing