Primary and Secondary Socialisation

What are the agents of socialisation

Agents of socialisation are the people, groups and institutions that influence how individuals learn norms, values and expected patterns of behaviour.

What is primary socialisation

Primary socialisation usually takes place between ages 0 and 5, through close contact with family and immediate carers. Children learn language and basic norms and values, and sanctions reinforce behaviour.

What is secondary socialisation

Secondary socialisation involves influences from external agencies beyond the immediate family. It modifies primary socialisation and teaches more specific norms and values through agents such as peer groups, media, religion and the workplace.

What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation

Primary socialisation takes place mainly during early childhood and involves immediate carers, particularly family. Secondary socialisation occurs through wider social institutions and groups and develops or modifies what was learned earlier.