WESTERN CIVILIZATION MIDTERM REVIEW

The 95 Theses of Martin Luther that were nailed to the door in Wittenberg.

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The diary of Henry the 8th, King of England.

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A letter from a diplomat during the 30 Years War.

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A TV show in 2020 describing the construction of Egypt's pyramids.

secondary

A history book chapter describing the Persian and Greek Wars.

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An article in a magazine that describes how the Cherokee of North Carolina lived.

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A website that describes the events of Christopher Columbus's journeys to the Caribbean.

secondary

A record of Cleopatra's actions kept by her royal guards in 42 B.C.E.

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The Magna Carta.

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A biography written in 2008 about Alexander the Great.

Secondary

Revolutionary development around 10,000 B.C.E. resulting in village life.

farming and agriculture

Babylonian king who issued an early code of written laws during the 18th cen. B.C.E.

hammurabi

3rd millenium B.C.E. Mesopotamian ruler who conquered Akkadian cities along the Euphrates while boasting of his humble background. 

sargon

Identify the river marked with the letter X:

Euphrates

Identity the gulf marked with the letter X:

Persian

Identity the river marked with the letter X:

tigris

Identity the city marked with the letter X:

babylon

The earliest examples of civilized societies have been found in the Nile river valley and the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys of this region.

mesopotamia

Egyptian pharaoh, also known as Akhenaton, who adopted a form of monotheism during the 14th cen. B.C.E.

Amenhotep IV

New Kingdom female Egyptian pharaoh whose twenty year reign featured the successful conquest of Nubia and her official depiction with traditional male features.

Hatshepsut

Identity the river marked with the letter X:

nile

7th cen. B.C.E. Assyrian ruler famous for wrestling lions and assembling a library containing some 30,000 ancient texts.

Ashurbanipal

Our alphabet can be traced to this ancient Middle Eastern people.

Phoenicians

Identify the correct order from earliest to latest in time:

Assyrian-Hittite-Babylonian-Chaldean

Babylonian-Hittite-Assyrian-Chaldean

Identify the sea marked with the letter X:

aegean

Identity the sea marked with the letter X:

red

Identity the city marked with the letter X:

carthage

6th cen. B.C.E. Greek leader known as the "father of Athenian democracy" for instituting reforms such as the demes system.

Cleisthenes

The two most important Greek city states.

Athens and Sparta

Identity the city marked with the letter X:

athens

Persian ruler from 522 to 486 B.C.E. dubbed "The Shopkeeper" for his emphasis on taxation and trade.

darius

Founder of the Persian empire who conquered Asia Minor, Babylon, Thrace, Egypt, and Punjab in the 6th cen. B.C.E.

cyrus

7th cen. B.C.E. Persian priest whose writings focused on the nature of the god Ahura Mazda

zoroaster

Identify the year(s) and era of the following event:

The Peloponnesian Wars

431-404 B.C.E.

Greek philosopher and student of Plato whose 4th cen. B.C.E. contributions to the sciences held sway for over a millennium.

aristotle

Approach to knowledge centered on the human experience and the application of observation and reason rather than focusing on the role of the gods in human affairs.

humanism

Greek historian whose writings on the Peloponnesian War focused on human motivations and decisions in order to test his hypothesis that Athens' lust for power best explained the causes and course of the conflict.

Thucydides

Proportional relationship appealing to human visual perception employed in Classical era architecture and art.

Golden Ratio

Last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt who allied herself with Marc Antony and committed suicide in 30 B.C.E.

cleopatra

Macedonian general who conquered Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and the Persian empire in the 4th cen. B.C.E.

alexander

Founded school at Athens in 300 B.C.E. where he encouraged students known as Stoics to submit to cosmically-ordered fate in opposition to Epicurean teachings.

zeno

Identify the year(s) and era of the following event:

Death of Alexander the Great

323 B.C.E.

Identify the correct order from earliest to latest in time:

Homeric-Hellenistic-Mycenaean-Classical

Mycenaean-Homeric-Classical-Hellenistic

Identity the city marked with the letter X:

Alexandria

Surname of 2nd cen. B.C.E. Roman brothers known for their unsuccessful landholding and citizenship reforms as tribunes.

gracchus

Roman general and consul proclaimed dictator for life in 45 B.C.E. before his assassination the following year.

Julius Caesar

Carthaginian general who invaded the Italian peninsula after attacking Roman allies in Spain in 218 B.C.E.

hannibal

Name for the wars fought between Rome and Carthage.

Punic Wars

Identify the city marked with the letter X:

rome

Identity the sea marked with the letter X:

adriatic

Also known as Octavian, the first Roman emperor as proclaimed by the Senate after defeating Marc Antony at Actium in 30 B.C.E.

augustus

1st cen. B.C.E. Roman orator and statesman known for his writings on rhetoric, virtue, and corruption during the Late Republic.

cicero

Antonine emperor at the height of the empire's territorial breadth who oversaw the expansion of public facilities in Rome prior to his death in 117 C.E.

trajan

Christian saint whose 4th cen. C.E. Latin translation of the Bible is still authorized and used by the Roman Catholic Church.

jerome

4th cen. C.E. Christian philosopher renowned as a Church Father for his attempts to reconcile Christian theology and classical learning.

augustine

Roman patriarch who dissuaded Attila the Hun from sacking Rome in 452 C.E. and established the Petrine theory of papal leadership.

leo

Roman emperor who converted to Christianity after the Battle of Milvian Bridge and convened the Council of Nicea in 325 C.E.

constantine

Originally called Saul, 1st cen. C.E. Roman citizen whose writings and travels helped define and spread early Christianity.

paul

Latinized name of the founder of Christianity born in approximately 4 B.C.E.

jesus

Identity the city marked with the letter X:

byzantium/constantinople

Identity the sea marked with the letter X:

black