Year 9 Geography: International Migration, Biomes, and Geographical Skills

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Year 9 Geography topics: International Migration, Biomes and Sustainable Agriculture, Changing Places, and Geographical Skills.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another to live.

Emigrant

A person who leaves their home country to live elsewhere.

Immigrant

A person who arrives in a new country to live there permanently.

Refugee

A person forced to leave their country because of war, persecution or violence.

Push factor

A reason that makes people want to leave a place, such as war and conflict, persecution, poverty, natural disasters, lack of jobs, or climate change.

Pull factor

A reason that attracts people to move to a new place, such as job opportunities, safety and political stability, quality education, family already living there, good healthcare, or higher wages.

Multicultural

A society made up of people from many different cultural backgrounds.

Internal migration

The movement of people from one place to another within the same country.

International migration

The movement of people from one country to another to live.

ABS Census QuickStats

An Australian Bureau of Statistics tool used to gather demographic census evidence for a chosen suburb or local government area, such as percentages of overseas-born residents, top countries of birth, and languages spoken at home.

Economic impact (Migration)

The financial effects of migration, including positive outcomes like filling skills shortages (nursing, aged care, construction) and starting businesses, balanced against costs like settlement services, English classes, and housing demand.

Social impact (Migration)

The societal effects of migration, including positive contributions such as cultural diversity in food, festivals, and the arts, as well as challenges like language barriers, racism, isolation, and pressure on schools and hospitals.

Political impact (Migration)

The governmental and policy effects of migration, which include fulfilling international humanitarian responsibilities and building diplomatic links, alongside public debates and disagreements over immigration intake numbers.

Humanitarian

Relating to the promotion of human welfare and fulfilling ethical obligations to accept and protect individuals escaping war, violence, or persecution.

Interconnection

A geographical concept describing the links, trade, diplomatic connections, and mutual dependencies established between people and places around the world.

Urbanisation

The growth and expansion of urban areas as populations shift into cities and towns, often increasing pressure on housing, schools, and hospitals.

Climate graph

A geographical tool that displays a location's monthly precipitation and temperature variations over a year using combined bar and line graphs.

Synoptic Chart

A specialised weather map that displays atmospheric conditions, pressure systems, fronts, and weather patterns across a geographic area at a given time.

Area Reference (AR)

A four-figure geographical grid reference used on topographic maps to identify and locate a broad 1 km² grid square.

Grid Reference (GR)

A precise six-figure coordinate system used on topographic maps to locate a specific feature within a grid square.

Contour line

A line drawn on a topographic map connecting points of equal height above sea level to show the shape and elevation of the land.

Contour interval

The constant vertical distance or elevation difference between consecutive contour lines on a topographic map.

Aspect

The specific compass direction that a slope or landform faces.

Spot height

An exact point marked on a topographic map that specifies the precise measured elevation of that location above sea level.

Population pyramid

A graphical geographical tool that illustrates the composition and age-sex distribution of a given population.

Sustainable agriculture

Farming and food production practices designed to meet current society needs without compromising the environment, soil health, biomes, or future resources.