Central Nervous System, Cranial Nerves, Spinal Cord

Cerebrum

What are the functions of the Cerebrum?

Performs higher mental functions

Interprets sensory stimuli

Plans and initiates movement

Diencephalon

What are the functions of the Diencephalon?

Processes, integrates, and relays information

Maintains homeostasis

Regulates biological rhythms

Cerebellum

What are the functions of the Cerebellum?

Monitors and coordinates movement

Brainstem

What are the functions of the brainstem?

Maintains homeostasis

Controls certain reflexes

Monitors movement

Integrates and relays information

Frontal Lobe

What is the Frontal Lobe associated with?

Controls voluntary skeletal muscles; intellect, decision making, personality

Parietal Lobe

What is the Parietal Lobe associated with?

General sensation

Occipital Lobe

What is the Occipital Lobe associated with?

Vision

Temporal Lobe

What is the Temporal Lobe associated with?

Hearing and smell

Insula Lobe

What is the Insula Lobe associated with?

Memory, taste, and integration of activites of the other cerebral lobes

Lateral Fissure

Central Sulcus

Sulcus

Gyrus

Left parietal lobe

Left frontal lobe

Left hemispherethe half of the brain that controls the right side of the body and is primarily responsible for language, analytical thinking, and mathematical skills.

Right hemisphere

Longitudinal fissure

Central sulcus

What is a Fissure?

A deep groove on the surface on the cerebrum

What is a Sulcus?

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebrum

What is a Gyrus?

An elevated ridge on the surface of the cerebrum

Corpus callosum

What is the function of the Corpus callosum?

Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres

Fornix

What is the function of the Fornix?

Linked to memory, related to olfaction

Septum pellucidum

What is the function of the Septum pellucidum?

Double membrane wall that separates the ventricles within each cerebral hemisphere

Lateral ventricle

What is the function of the lateral ventricle?

Produces and holds CSF

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

Sounding out and understanding unfamiliar words. It is usually only in the left hemisphere

What is the function of Broca’s area?

Controls speech muscles and produces speech. It is usually only in the left hemisphere

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

What is the function of the Thalamus?

Sensory relay station

What is the function of the Epithalamus?

Contains choroid plexus which produces CSF

What is the function of the Hypothalamus

Controls homeostasis

What is the function of the Pineal gland?

Produces hormones of circadian cycle

What is the function of Mammillary bodies?

Nuclei that serve as relay statiosn for olfactory pathways

What is the function of the Pituitary gland?

Secretes hormones related to growth, metabolism, stress, reproduction

What is the function of the Optic chiasma

Point at which optic nerves cross over

What is the function of the Third ventricle

Holds CSF

What is the function of the Intermediate mass

Connects 2 lobes of thalamus

Thalamus

Epithalamus

Hypothalamus

Pineal gland

Mammillary bodies

Pituitary gland

Optic chiasma

Third ventricle

Intermediate mass

Brainstem (anterior view)

Brainstem (posterolateral view)

Midbrain (anterior view)

Pons (anterior view)

Medulla oblongata (anterior view)

Midbrain (posterolateral view)

Pons (posterolateral view)

Medulla oblongata (posterolateral view)

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

Corpora quadrigemina

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

Cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle

What is the function of the Pons?

Links cerebellum with brainstem, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord

What is the function of the Medulla oblongata?

Includes tracts for communication between brain and spinal cord

Contains nuclei of ANS to control vital life processes

What is the function of the Superior colliculi?

They are the 2 superior nuclei of the corpora quadrigemina

Serve as visual reflex centersWh

What is the function of the Inferior colliculi?

They are the 2 inferior nuclei of the corpora quadrigemina

Serve as auditory reflex centers

What is the function of the Cerebral aqueduct?

Allows CSF to pass from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricleW

What is the function of the Fourth ventricle?

Holds CSF

Olfactory bulbs

Optic nerve

Optic chasm

Optic tract

What is the function of the Olfactory bulbs?

Process sense of smell; part of the olfactory pathway

What is the function of the Optic nerve, chiasm, and tract?

Carry light signals to brain; part of visual pathway

Sulci

Folia

Vermis