motivation and emotions

motivation

the drive that propels a person to behave towards a certain goal

intrinsic motivation

the desire to do something because it is enjoyable

extrinsic motivation

the desire to do something because the activity results in an external reward

instinct theory

certain behaviors are motivated by innate evolutionary impulses

ex. newborn sucking

drive reduction theory

we're driven to behaviors that bring out bodies back to homeostasis

instinct

automatic behavior done without needing to learn or think about it first

drive

physiological or psychological state that motivates behavior

incentive theory

motivation comes from external stimuli in the environment that push behaviors in certain directions based on our goals

self-determination theory

motivation comes from 3 core needs

autonomy

competence

relatedness

autonomy

feeling in control of out life, choices, and behaviors

competence

having a sense of mastery and accomplishment

relatedness

feeling connected to others, having a sense of social belonging

James-Lange theory of emotion

an environmental cue causes a physical reaction

facial feedback hypothesis

the sensations of our facial expressions will influence our emotions

cannon-bard theory

physical reactions and emotional experiences occur simultaneously and independently from one another

schacter-singer theory

emotions are a combination of physiological arousal and how we interpret that arousal based on our environment

misattribution of arousal

misunderstanding our body's response to one environment cue and attributing it to something else in the environment

Lazarus' cognitive-meditation theory

cognition mediates between the environment and the emotional and bodily response

interoception

information about the state of the body

concepts

culturally embodied knowledge, including "emotion concepts"

social reality

the collective agreements and language that make the perception of emotion possible among people who share a culture

universality hypothesis

all humans, regardless of culture, have the same facial expressions for core emotions and can recognize them in others

display rules

socially learned, culture-specific norms for expressing emotions

duchenne smie

genuine, felt smiles that reach the eyes and produce wrinkles

duping delight

fake smiles or smirks given by liars who believe they're getting away with their deceptions

survival circuits

neutral pathways tied to emotional experiences

constructive perspective

the brain doesn't have pre-programmed emotions; they're constructed