Problem Solving: Problem Spaces and Operators

Vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts related to problem solving, including types of problems and their components.

Problem Space

A representation of a problem as viewed by its solver, comprising the initial state, goal state, and search space.

Initial State

The starting point or the problem as it is given.

Goal State

The desired solution or outcome of the problem.

Search Space

The range of possibilities and paths available for constructing a solution from the initial state to the goal state.

Operators

Condition-action rules that guide the transition from the initial state to the goal state.

Well-defined Problems

Problems where all parts of the problem space are specified.

Ill-defined Problems

Problems where not all parts of the problem space are specified.

Problems of Arrangement

Problems that involve recombining or reordering elements, such as puzzles or anagrams.

Anagram

A problem where the initial state consists of scrambled letters, and the goal is to form words from those letters.

Cryptoarithmetic

A problem that uses letters to represent numbers in mathematical equations.

Problems of Inducing Structure

Problems where the structure needs to be figured out, exemplified by series extrapolation.

Problems of Transformation

Problems requiring the change of a given arrangement of elements to another specified arrangement.

Tower of Hanoi

A classic problem of transformation where discs are moved between pegs according to specific rules.

Expertise in Chess

The ability to recognize numerous board patterns developed through extensive practice.

Insight Problems

Problems where recognizing a critical aspect of the initial state leads to a solution.

Hypothesis Testing

A process of attempting to prove or disprove a hypothesis through experimentation.

Behavioral Modification

The process of changing behavior from an initial state to a goal state using reinforcers.

Heuristic

A strategy or approach used to solve problems effectively.

Algorithm

A defined procedure or set of rules for solving a problem.