The Human Body in Health and Illness: Chapter 1

What is Anatomy?

Study of the structure of the body.

What is Physiology?

Study of how the body functions.

What is Pathophysiology?

Study of the affects of improper functioning of the body.

What is homeostasis?

Staying the same.

What are the levels of organization from small to large: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Hair, skin, and nails.

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Bones, joints, and cartilage.

What are the 3 types of muscles in the muscular system?

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

What are the skeletal muscles responsible for?

Skeletal muscles are responsible for movement of skeleton and maintenance of body posture.

What is the nervous system made up of?

Brain, spinal cord, nerve, and sense organs.

The endocrine system contains numerous glands that _____________.

Secrete hormones and chemical substances that regulate body activities such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and water balance.

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Blood, heart, and blood vessels.

What is the lymphatic system made up of?

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and other lymphoid organs.

What does the immune system do?

Defense system that protects the body.

What does the respiratory system consist of?

Lungs, and other structures that conduct air to and from the lungs.

What does the urinary system consist of?

Kidneys, and other structures that help excrete waste products through urine.

What does the reproductive system consist of?

Reproductive organs.

Describe standard anatomical position.

Body standing erect facing forward, with arms at side, palms supine, face forward.

What does superior mean?

Closer to the head.

What does inferior mean?

Closer to the feet.

What does anterior mean?

Towards the front.

What does posterior mean?

Towards the back.

Another word for anterior and posterior.

Ventral and dorsal.

What does lateral mean?

Away from the midline.

What does medial mean?

Towards the midline.

What does proximal mean?

Nearer the point of attachment.

What does distal mean?

Farther away from the point of attachment.

What does superficial mean?

Towards the surface of the body.

What does deep mean?

Away from the surface of the body.

What does central mean?

Located in the center.

What does peripheral mean?

Away from the center.

Describe the sagittal plane.

Divides the body lengthwise into left and right portions.

Describe the transverse plane.

Divides the body into a superior and inferior side. (upper and lower)

Describe the frontal plane.

Divides the body into a anterior and posterior portions.

What are the two divisions of the ventral cavity?

The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

What is contained within the mediastinum?

The heart, the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and large blood vessels.

Where is the pericardial cavity located and what does it contain?

Located within the mediastinum and contains the heart.

Where are the lungs located?

Either side of the mediastinum in the pleural cavities.