1.2.1. Nutrition in School-Age

5–12 Years

In nutrition in the life stages, what age range defines the school-age period?

Latent Time Of Growth

What term describes school age because growth occurs at a relatively slower and more gradual rate?

2 - 2.5 inches/year

During school-age physical growth, what is the approximate annual increase in height?

3 - 6 lbs/year

During school-age physical growth, what is the approximate annual increase in body weight?

Around 10 Years

During school-age growth, at about what age do girls begin to grow more rapidly than boys, indicating the onset of the growth spurt?

Around 13 Years

During school-age growth, at about what age is the average girl taller and heavier than the average boy?

12–16 Years

During school-age growth, when does the male growth spurt usually begin?

66%

During school age, approximately what percentage of total height is accounted for by leg growth?

Posture Improves

During school-age body development, what happens to posture as adolescence approaches?

11–12 Years

During school-age dental development, by what age are most permanent teeth present except the second and third molars?

Boys

During school-age body composition, which sex generally has more muscle tissue?

Strength Approximately Doubles

During school age, how does muscular strength typically change in both males and females?

Muscular Immaturity

Why are the muscles of school-age children still prone to injury?

Relatively Slow Heart Growth

During school age, how does heart growth compare with growth during other ages?

Legs, Arms, And Face

During school-age skeletal development, where is bone growth particularly concentrated?

Less Firmly Attached Ligaments And Greater Space Between Bones

Why is the skeleton of a school-age child relatively flexible?

Ossification

What skeletal developmental process is still continuing during the school-age period?

10–12 Years

During school-age brain development, by what age is brain growth essentially complete?

9–11 Years

During school-age visual development, when is normal 20/20 vision generally established?

6 Years

During school-age visual development, at approximately what age is binocular vision established?

Colorblindness

Which visual abnormality occurs more commonly among school-age boys than girls?

Otitis Media

What common condition may cause hearing loss in school-age children and interfere with language development?

Increased Stomach Capacity

During school age, what gastrointestinal change contributes to fewer stomach upsets and allows larger meals?

Lung Capacity Increases

During school-age respiratory development, what happens to lung capacity?

Respiratory Rate Decreases

During school-age respiratory development, what happens to respiratory rate?

Industry Versus Inferiority

According to psychosocial development, what conflict characterizes the school-age period?

Catch-Up Growth

What growth phenomenon occurs after a period of slowed growth when weight and height increase faster than expected for age and sex?

Age, Basal Metabolism, And Activity

In school-age nutrition, what major factors determine a child’s energy requirement?

Higher Protein Requirement Per Unit Body Weight

Compared with adults, how is the school-age child’s protein requirement expressed relative to body weight?

Protein Requirement Increases

During periods of rapid growth, what happens to a school-age child’s protein requirement?

Vitamin A

Which fat-soluble vitamin deserves particular attention in school-age children because deficiency is relatively common?

Vitamin C

Which water-soluble vitamin supports connective tissue maintenance and resistance to infection in school-age children?

Sodium And Potassium

Which two electrolytes are especially involved in regulation of body-water balance during school age?

Calcium And Phosphorus

Which two minerals are major structural materials for developing bones in school-age children?

Iron

Which trace mineral is important for oxygen transport during school age?

Zinc

Which trace mineral is important for energy metabolism, protein synthesis, growth, and sexual maturation?

4–6 Glasses Or 1–1.5 Liters Per Day

What total daily fluid intake is generally recommended for a healthy school-age child?

Same Basic Foods With Age-Appropriate Presentation

In feeding school-age children, how should the basic foods compare with those given at younger ages?

Palatability, Satiety, And Emotional-Social Value

Aside from nutritional value, what three factors influence the importance of food for a school-age child?

Food Attitudes And Habits

During the preschool and school-age years, what important long-term nutrition behavior is being established?

Incorporate Milk Into Other Foods

If a school-age child begins drinking less plain milk, what feeding strategy can help maintain milk intake?

1/3

A well-planned school or packed lunch should provide approximately what fraction of the child’s daily nutritional requirements?

Provide Additional Nutrients

What is the primary nutritional purpose of snacks for school-age children?

Breakfast

What meal is commonly skipped by school-age children because they must rise early or are rushed?

1/3 - 1/4

Ideally, approximately what fraction of the daily nutritional allowance may be supplied by breakfast?

Lunch Swapping

What school meal behavior may reduce the nutritional quality of a carefully prepared lunch?

Balanced Class Work, Play, And Rest

What type of school-life balance helps support adequate food intake and healthy eating behavior?

Excessive Sweet Intake

What dietary behavior can reduce appetite when sweet foods are consumed too close to meals?

Sucrose

What carbohydrate is especially associated with dental caries because of its cariogenic effect?

Dental Caries

What dental condition in school-age children is promoted by frequent exposure to fermentable sugars?

Fluoride

In preventing dental caries, what mineral strengthens teeth and helps reduce tooth decay?

Normal Weight-For-Height Development

What physical growth pattern is expected in a well-nourished school-age child?

Firm, Well-Developed Muscles

What muscular characteristic is a sign of good nutrition in school-age children?

Alert And Active

What general activity characteristic suggests good nutritional status in a school-age child?

Sound Sleep

What sleep characteristic is considered a sign of good nutrition in school-age children?

Good Digestion And Elimination

What gastrointestinal characteristic is a sign of good nutrition in school-age children?

Good Appetite

What eating characteristic is expected in a well-nourished school-age child?