Chapter 10: Pulmonology

What is pulmonology

a diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the lower respiratory system and chest cavity

What do pulmonologists treat?

cancer, infections, diseases and injuries of the lungs and spleen

What do thoracic surgeons treat

conditions of the lungs and thoracic cavity

What do respiratory therapists do?

work with doctors to provide therapeutic respiratory care

What happens in inspiration?

brings fresh oxygen into the lungs

What happens in expiration

carbon dioxide passes into the lungs and is removed from the body

aer/o

air

alveol/o

alveolus (air sac)

bronch/o

bronchus

bronchi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

hal/o

to breathe

lob/o

lobe

mediastin/o

mediastinum

ox/i

oxygen

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

lung, air

pneumon/o

lung

pulmon/o

lung

spir/o

breathing

thorac/o

chest

trache/o

trachea

tuss/o

cough

angi/o

vessel

arteri/o

artery

atel/o

incomplete

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

cyt/o

cell

embol/o

plug

fibr/o

fibrous

hem/o

blood

orth/o

straight

py/o

pus

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ar, -ary and -atic

pertaining to

-centesis

puncture to withdraw fluid

-dynia

pain

-ectasis

dilated

-ectomy

surgical removal

-genic

producing

-gram

a record

-graph

instrument for recording

-graphy

process of recording

-ia

condition

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-meter

instrument for measuring

-metry

process of measuring

-ole

small

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-otomy

cutting into

-oxia

oxygen

-plasty

surgical repair

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-spasm

involuntary muscle contraction

thorax

chest

a-

without

an-

without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult, abnormal

endo-

within, inner

eu-

normal, good

ex-

outward

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

below, insufficient

in-

inward

tachy-

fast

What is the trachea?

tube that carries air from the throat into the chest cavity aka windpipe

What is the trachea divided into?

the primary bronchi

right primary bronchus= serves right lung

left primary bronchus=serves left lung

What do the bronchi divided into

secondary and tertiary bronchi which eventually become very narrow bronchioles

What is found at the end of the bronchioles

alveoli

What is an alveolus

thin walled air sac where oxygen exchange occurs; capillaries surround alveoli; gases cross thin alveoli and capillary walls

What is the difference between the right and left lung

the right lung has three lobes (Superior, middle and inferior)

the left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior)

What is the pleura

double layered membrane that forms a protective sac around the lungs

has two layers: parietal pleura and visceral pleura

What is the parietal pleura

lines the thoracic cavity

What is the visceral pleura

covers the lungs

What is the pleural cavity

folds in the pleura create a space between the two layers

What does alveolar mean?

pertaining to the alveolus

What is a bronchoscope

instrument for viewing and examining the bronchus or bronchi

What is a bronchospasm

involuntary muscle contraction of the bronchus

What is bronchiectasis?

dilated bronchus

What does bronchiolar mean?

pertaining to a bronchiole

What is pneumoconiosis

prolong exposure to irritant dust or droplets leading to abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

What is cyanosis

abnormal condition of being blue

What does diaphragmatic mean

pertaining tot he diaphragm

What is lobectomy

surgical removal of a lobe

What does mediastinal mean?

pertaining to a mediastinum