Exam II: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing

What is the optimal testing order for health-related components of fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, flexibility)?

it has not been established

While an optimal testing order for health-related components of fitness has not been determined, what should be done first?

• resting measurements should be obtained (HR, BP, anthropometrics, and body composition)

• medications and medical history that may influence results should be reviewed

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)

the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to muscles during prolonged periods of moderate physical activity

What can cardiorespiratory fitness be estimated by?

peak O2 consumption

The cardiovascular system and respiratory system work together to…

provide O2 and remove waste from the body

What does the respiratory system do?

it facilitates gas exchange and promotes the movement of O2 and CO2

What does the cardiovascular system do?

it delivers oxygenated blood and nutrients to cells so they can synthesize ATP

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a ____ component of fitness.

health-skill

__ levels of CRF have been associated with an increased risk of premature death from all causes and cardiovascular disease.

low

Improving cardiorespiratory fitness is important for ____, ____, and ___ programs.

• primary prevention: health promotion and disease prevention

• secondary prevention: disease identification

• rehab

VO2 Max

• the maximal volume of O2 consumed per unit of time

• VO2 max and VO2 peak are used to determine CRF

• VO2max = CO x A-VO2 diff

How does the cardiovascular system respond to graded exercise tests (tests where intensity gradually increases)?

• a-vo2 difference: increases as tissues extract more O2 from the blood during exercise

• HR: increases with workload until HR max is reached

• SV: increases with workload (up until 40-60% VO2 max)

• CO: increases with workload

How does the pulmonary system respond to graded exercise tests (tests where intensity gradually increases?

pulmonary ventilation increases with workload during moderate intensity exercise (up to 50-80% VO2 max), with more rapid increases near max exertion

The point of rapid increases in breathing / ventilation during graded exercise tests is known as the ___ ____.

ventilatory threshold

How does blood pressure change during graded exercise testing?

• SBP increases with increased workload

• DBP remains relatively stable with increased workload

• Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) normally decreases with increased workload

• Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increases with increased workload

Why might a HCP administer a maximal exercise test?

• to design an exercise program for athletes

• to evaluate one’s disability

• to design a rehab program

• to assess one’s pre-operation risk (how much stress can their cardiopulmonary system withstand)

• to evaluate the effectiveness of rehab strategies

VO2 peak

the highest volume of oxygen consumed during presumed maximal effort for a graded exercise test

VO2 max

the highest volume of oxygen consumed during a maximal effort test, where VO2 fails to increase despite intensity rising

True or False: the VO2 does not reflect ALL the energy used during exercise.

true, b/c it only measures aerobic energy production and does not account for ATP produced by the ATP-PCr system or Glycolytic system

Peak VO2 is typically examined before VO2 max. Why?

it tells us whether a patient’s physiological responses to exercise allow for normal aerobic function

A VO2 max of ___mL/kg/min or higher is probably abnormal for a woman.

70

What types of athletes have the highest VO2 max?

• cross country skiiers

• runners

• swimmers

• speed skaters

VO2max tests continue until an individual has reached ___ ___. They can also be terminated if additional criteria is met.

volitional fatigue

VO2 max criteria

• VO2 plateaus despite an increase in work rate

• HR max is reached

• blood lactate ≥ 8.0mmol/L

• RPE is greater than 17 (on a 6-20 scale) or greater than 7 (on a 0-10 scale)

• a peak RER ≥ 1.10 (indicates that CHOs are solely fueling an exercise)

Which VO2max criteria is the most reliable and non-invasive way to determine if someone is working as hard as they can?

their peak RER ≥ 1.10

VO2 max and ___ are strongly correlated.

maximal CO

What factors may influence a VO2 max?

• genetics

• sex

• age

• training status

• mode

How does gender influence a VO2 max?

men typically have a higher VO2 max than women, because their lungs are larger, they have more muscle mass, and contain higher hemoglobin levels —> more O2 consumed

How does age affect VO2 max?

As age increases, VO2 max generally declines

How does training status affect VO2 max?

VO2 max can improve 6-25% with increased aerobic training

How does mode influence VO2 max?

exercises with high muscle recruitment (such as running on the treadmill) will have higher VO2 max values than lower muscle recruitment activities (like cycling)