Calling to Good and Taking Heed from Previous Nations

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts of calling to good, enjoining al-Ma'ruf and forbidding al-Munkar, learning from past nations, and the historical occasion of revelation.

Al-Ma'ruf

Everything commanded and approved by the Sharia that brings benefit and happiness to people.

Al-Munkar

Everything forbidden and deemed repulsive by the Sharia, consisting of words and actions that inflict harm and corruption upon people.

Fard Kifayah (Communal Obligation)

The legal ruling of enjoining good and forbidding wrong, where if some individuals in society fulfill it, the sin and obligation are lifted from the rest; if nobody performs it, all are sinful.

Qualifications for Calling to Good

The required attributes for enjoining good and forbidding wrong, specifically knowledge, a gentle manner that brings glad tidings without driving people away, and skill in conveying the message to reflect the bright image of Islam.

People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab)

The previous nation cited as a lesson for Muslims because they did not adhere to God's religion, disputed after clear proofs came to them, and divided into warring factions, leading to worldly weakness and severe punishment in the hereafter.

Shas ibn Qays

A Jewish man identified in the occasion of revelation who became infuriated by the harmony between al-Aws and al-Khazraj and commanded someone to remind them of their past pre-Islamic wars.

Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj

Two tribes of the Prophet's companions who previously held pre-Islamic enmity, were incited by a plot to call for weapons, and subsequently dropped their weapons and embraced upon being reminded of Islam by the Prophet.

Tafsir al-Tabari

The source that recorded the narration regarding the occasion of revelation about Shas ibn Qays attempting to sow discord between the Aws and Khazraj.