patella

how should the patient be positioned for the PA patella?

prone

how should the leg be positioned for the PA patella?

extended

how should the interepicondylar line be positioned for the PA patella?

parallel with the IR (5 degrees internal rotation)

what SID is used for the PA patella?

40

what IR size and orientation are used for the PA patella?

9 × 9

what kVp range is used for the PA patella?

70-80

where is the CR directed for the PA patella?

perpendicular to the mid patella area (popliteal crease)

what should be centered to the collimation field for the PA patella?

patella (no rotation)

how should the patient be positioned for the lateral patella?

lateral recumbent on affected side

how should the knee be positioned for the lateral patella?

flexed 5-10 degrees

how should the femoral epicondyles be positioned for the lateral patella?

perpendicular with the IR

how should the patellar plane be positioned for the lateral patella?

perpendicular with the IR

what SID is used for the lateral patella?

40

where is the CR directed for the lateral patella?

mid patellofemoral joint

what do you collimate for the lateral patella?

patella and knee joint

what kVp range is used for the lateral patella?

70-80

what is the purpose of avoiding greater than 10 degrees flexion for the lateral patella?

to avoid separation of fragments

which structure and joint should be in the center of the collimation field for the lateral patella?

patella and knee joint

what position is the patella in for the lateral patella?

true lateral

what SID range is used for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

48-72

what position should the knee be in for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

flexed 40 degrees

where is the CR directed for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

30 degrees caudad from horizontal plane, midway between patellae at the level of patellofemoral joint

what kVp range is used for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

70-80

which two structures should be well visualized for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

intercondylar sulcus and patella

which joint spaces should be open for the tangential axial (merchant bilateral method) patella?

patellofemoral joint spaces

true or false: the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella projection could be used for unilateral and bilateral patellae

true

what position is the patient in for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

supine

where should the IR edge be placed for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

mid thighs and perpendicular to the CR

where is the CR directed for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

10-15 degrees to lower legs, tangential between the knees to the patellofemoral joints

what SID range is used for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

40-48

what kVp range is used for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

70-80

how should the knees be positioned for the tangential axial (inferosuperior) patella?

flexed 40-45 degrees

what position should the patient be in for the tangential axial (hughston method) patella?

prone

where is the CR directed for the tangential axial (hughston method) patella?

15-20 degrees to lower leg (45 degrees from table), tangential to the patellofemoral joint

what SID range is used for the tangential axial (hughston method) patella?

40-48

what kVp range is used for the tangential axial (hughston method) patella?

70-80

what position should the knee be in for the tangential axial (hughston method) patella?

flexed 50-60 degrees

how should the patient be positioned for the tangential axial (settegast method) patella?

prone

how should the knee be positioned for the tangential axial (settegast method) patella?

flexed 90 degrees

where is the CR directed for the tangential axial (settegast method) patella?

15-20 degrees to the lower leg, tangential to patellofemoral joint space

how should the patient be positioned for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

seated in a chair

how should the IR be placed for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

under knees on top of stool

how should the knees be positioned for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

acutely flexed

how should the feet be positioned for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

slightly underneath chair

what is the SID range used for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

48-50

where is the CR directed for the superoinferior tangential (hobbs modification) patella?

mid patellofemoral joint