PCOG LEC - Isoprenoids

ISOPRENOIDS

• modified terpenes
• made up of isoprene units (C5H8) - same as terpenes
• one main difference between isoprenoids and terpenes = less complex structure are compared to terpenes

TERPENOIDS

another name for isoprenoids

MONOTERPENOIDS

modified monoterpenes (2 isoprene units)

IRIDOIDS

• are cyclopentan-[c]-pyran monoterpenoids
• produced as a defensive secretion by ants
• found as glycosides / attached to sugars

IRIDOMYRMEX

iridoids got the name from specific genus of ants = (produce iridoids as defense mechanism)

SECO-IRIDOID GLYCOSIDES

(constituent of common centaury); iridoids that have undergone oxidative cleavage

SECO

latin word which means "to cut" - cleavage = cut

BITTER TONIC

makes up of bitter component of common centaury = aid in digestion

MENTHIAFOLIN

• (constituent in bogbean leaf); specific type of seco-iridoid
• contribute to anti-inflammatory effect of bogbean leaf

LOGANIN

• (constituent in bogbean leaf); iridoid that contributes also to anti-inflammatory effect; also hepatoprotective

AUCUBIN

acts as a natural insecticide for plantain

STOLON

horizontal stems that grow above the ground

DEVIL'S CLAW

fruits / members wherein "tiny hooks" are present

SOUTHERN AFRICA

where does Devil's claw native in?

HARPAGOSIDES

anti-inflammatory; analgesic - iridoid (devil's claw)

HARPAGOPHYTUM

genus of devil's claw

FEVERFEW

traditional uses: relieve of fever

FEBRIFUGIA

latin of Feverfew = means fever reducer - anti-pyretic

MEDIEVAL ASPIRIN

fever few is also used for inflammation (anti-inflammatory) = another nickname:

ROOTS (DRIED ROOTS) OF CHICORY

often use for substitute for coffee / added to coffee mixtures

COCCULUS INDICUS

fish berries is also called ___

PICROTOXININ & PICROTIN

content of pictrotoxin

PICROTOXIN

• equimolar mixture (found in equal amount)
• highly toxic; act as CNS stimulant and convulsant
• prevent paralysis of the respiratory center
• stupefy fish = can cause disorientation or motor of fish (used for catching fishes)

WORMSEED

santonica is also called _

SANTONIN

(constituent of santonica) - antihelmintic - causes paralysis of parasitic worms (in GIT / intestine)

• has to be given with purgative / laxative (needed to remove worm)
• used for parasitic intestinal infestations

MARRUBIIN

• (constituent of black horehound)
• responsible for antinociceptive = prevent/block perception of pain (reduce pain signals)
• antigenotoxic - prevent DNA damage (dna damage lead to mutations)
• antioxidant; cardioprotective

PURPLE

color of flower of black horehound

WHITE

color of flower of white horehound

CHOLERETIC

increases bile in liver (enhances production and flow of bile from liver = aid digestion and absorption of fat)