History of Civ: Chapter 22 (The Rise of Communism)

a form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind. It results in a totalitarian dictatorship by means of force and terror.

Communism

The Root of Communism

Karl Marx

1. History = Class Struggle

2. Class Struggle (private property)

3. Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat

Ideas of Karl Marx

middle class

Bourgeoisie

working class

Proletariat

Labor = Value (profit should go to the person who made it rather than the entrepreneur)

Labor Theory of Value

matter is all the matters (the heart and soul of Communism)

Scientific Dialectical materialism

co-author of Communist Manifesto

Friedrich Engels

1848 (“cookbook” for revolution)

·      Government ownership and control

·      Heavy progressive income tax

·      Central Bank

·      Redistribution of population

Communist Manifesto

working man’s association that failed

First International

the grandson of Saint Olga

Vladimir the Saint (Kiev)

god of war and thunder

Perun

began in AD 988

Russian Orthodox Church

prince of Novgorod; defended his people against the Mongols

St. Alexander Nevsky

prince of Moscow; officially removes Russia from Mongol rule

(FIRST RULER OF A UNIFIED RUSSIA)

Ivan III (the Great)

“the terrible”; the first true Czar of Russia

Ivan IV

begins the Romanov dynasty (established in 1613)

Michael Romanov

1^st Romanov of Consequences (GREATEST OF THE CZARS)

1.    Greatest of the Czars

2.    Westernization

3.    Built St. Petersburg “window to the west”

Peter the Great

(“philosopher Tsaritsa”); also known as an Enlightened Despot; hermitage is her most famous achievement

Catherine the Great

a museum that was Catherine the Great’s most famous achievement

Hermitage

fake villages

Potemkin Villages

reform minded, but does not always follow through

Alexander I

(Decembrist Revolt – Russia’s first modern revolution); oppressive ruler

Nicholas I

Russia’s first modern revolution

Decembrist Revolt

“Tsar Liberator”

• Pogroms

• Russification

Alexander II

Czar of Russia during the Revolution of 1905

Nicholas II

Japan wins this war

Russo-Japanese War

Nicholas II is forced to advocate from the thrown

March Revolution (1917)

leader of the Provisional Government (he was a SOCIALIST)

Alexander Kerensky

Lenin’s right-hand man

Leon Trotsky

two opposing sides - white Russians (SOCIALISTS and TRADITIONALISTS) vs. red Russians (BOLSHEVIKS) – Red Russians win

Russian Civil War

secret police

Cheka

introduced my Lenin; brining everything under the control of the state (FAILURE)

War Communism

state capitalism introduced by Lenin

New Economic Policy (NEP)

the Architect of Death

Joseph Stalin

control agriculture and industry to eventually control the people (Stalin)

Five Year Plan

man-made famine

Holodomor

middle-class farmers

Kulaks

get rid of enemies of the state

Great Purge

religious and political philosopher wrote “On Resistance to Evil By Force"

Ivan Ilyan

(hieromartyr) one of the first Martyrs and died during prayer

St. Ivan Kochurov

bishop who stood up to the Bolsheviks; referred to as an “enemy to the state”

St. Benjamin of Petrograd