hosa med terminology

Brady-

Prefix meaning slow

Tachy-

Prefix meaning fast or rapid

Dys-

Prefix meaning painful, difficult, or abnormal

Hyper-

Prefix meaning excessive, above, or increased

Hypo-

Prefix meaning deficient, below, or decreased

Hypotension

low blood pressure)

-itis

Suffix meaning inflammation

Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

-scopy

Suffix meaning visual examination or viewing with an instrument (e.g., Endoscopy)

-otomy

Suffix meaning a surgical incision or cutting into (e.g., Phlebotomy - incision into a vein)

-ectomy

Suffix meaning surgical removal or excision (e.g., Appendectomy - removal of the appendix)

-megaly

Suffix meaning abnormal enlargement (e.g., Hepatomegaly - enlargement of the liver)

Hepat/o

Combining form/root word referring to the liver

Nephr/o

Combining form/root word referring to the kidney (also Ren/o)

Cardi/o

Combining form/root word referring to the heart

My/o

Combining form/root word referring to muscle

Abduction

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

Sarcoma

Malignant cancer arising in connective tissues (bone, muscle, fat)

Carcinoma

Malignant cancer originating in the epithelial tissue (skin or lining of organs)

Arteriolosclerosis

The hardening of the arteriole walls

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of arteries due to atheromas (fatty plaque buildup)

Afferent

Nerves or pathways carrying impulses toward the central nervous system (sensory)

Efferent

Nerves or pathways carrying impulses away from the central nervous system (motor)

-centesis

Suffix meaning surgical puncture to remove fluid (e.g., Amniocentesis)

-plasty

Suffix meaning surgical repair or reconstruction (e.g., Rhinoplasty)

-rrhea

Suffix meaning a flow or discharge (e.g., Rhinorrhea - runny nose)

-rrhage

Suffix meaning bursting forth or severe bleeding (e.g., Hemorrhage)

-stenosis

Suffix meaning abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening (e.g., Arteriostenosis)

-malacia

Suffix meaning abnormal softening of tissues (e.g., Osteomalacia)

Myasthenia Gravis

Chronic autoimmune disorder where antibodies destroy nerve-muscle communication, leading to weakness

Multiple Sclerosis

Autoimmune disease where the immune system eats away at the protective myelin sheath of nerves

Cirrhosis

Progressive, degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

Cholelithiasis

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

Transient Ischemic Attack

A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, commonly called a mini-stroke

Encephal/o

Combining form/root word referring to the brain

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood

Homeostasis

The state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

Ischemia

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles

Aphasia

A nervous system disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate, speak, or understand speech

Peristalsis

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles in the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push contents forward

Hematopoiesis

The production and formation of all types of blood cells, occurring primarily in the bone marrow

Metastasis

The development of secondary malignant growths (cancer) at a distance from a primary site of cancer

Erythrocyte

A mature red blood cell that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen throughout the body

Leukocyte

A white blood cell that colorless, contains a nucleus, and circulates in the blood to fight infections

Pruritus

Severe, intense itching of the skin, often associated with dermatological conditions or allergic reactions