Exam 2 Path Diseases

Addisons Disease

s/s: hyperpigmentation, decreases production of cortisol

precautions: low blood pressure, monitor vital signs and infection, do not overheat

Cushings Disease

s/s: increased production of cortisol, muscle wasting, high bp, osteoporosis,

precautions: manifests as chronic steroid use

Diabetes Insipidus

s/s: thirst, frequent urination, slow growth, trouble gaining weight, vision issues

precautions: never withhold fluids, nerve issues, never above 250

Brittle Diabetes

s/s: dramatic swings in glucose levels

precautions: may require insulin pump

Osteomalacia

s/s: soft bones, due to kidney disorder, lack of vitamin d

precautions: monitor vital signs, avoid falling and heavy weights

Anemia

s/s: lack of ADL abilities, easy bruising, delayed healing, weakness, fatigue

precautions: blood loss, bone marrow failure, lack of oxygen carrying capacity, iron deficiency

men: under 14

women: under 12

Hemophilia

s/s: blood doesn’t clot normally, severe menses

main concerns: prevent/manage bleeding and avoid heavy weight

Thrombocytopenia

s/s: frequent sever nose/ gum bleeding

precautions: use BP cuffs with caution, avoid straining, difficult to stop bleeding

Hepatitis A

s/s: Flu-like symptoms

transmitted: fecal to oral route, contaminated water/food

has vaccine, can get rid of

Hepatitis B and C

s/s: mild to severe

transmitted: sharing of needles, intercourse, exposure to bodily fluids

b has vaccine

Neurological bladder dieases

high risk for UTis, seen in patients with spinal cord injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, or multiple sclerosis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

frequent urination, difficulty starting urination, weak stream, bladder not empty

Hypothyroidism

s/s: decrease bone formation/ healing, decreased metabolism

precautions: poor activity tolerance, muscle weakness, significant motor and cardiovascular effects (pseudogout and rhabdomyolysis)

Hyperthyroidism

s/s: increases metabolism, risk for heart problems, weakness in proximal muscles, limited exercise tolerance

precautions: heat intolerance, chronic periarthritis (calcification in tendon etc), respiratory muscle weakness, be aware of oxygen levels

Hypoglycemia

s/s: irritability, decrease in muscle function and verbal response, shakiness, sweating

precautions: check blood sugar, give sugar tablets

blood glucose above 70mg/dl

fasting: higher than 130

Hyperglycemia

s/s: fast heartbeat, shaking, sweating, dizziness, hunger, confusion

precautions: monitor vital signs

Hematologic disease

s/s: edema, infarction, thrombus, lymphedema, bleeding/bruising, hypotension, shock

Liver disease

right upper quadrant pain, skin changes, neurologic involvement, musculoskeletal pain, portal hypertension

Portal Hypertension precautions

Avoid straining which increase intrabdominal pressure, avoid Valsalva

Pancreatitis

s/s: gallstones, abdominal pain, back pain,

precautions: bringing knees to chest gives relief, avoid aspirin

Things that should be monitored when a patient has liver failure and when should they be referred to a physician

blood in stool, decrease in bp, back pain

UTI

s/s: costovertebral tenderness

risk factors: confusion

Kidney stones symptoms leading to immediate referral

fever, chills and sweats, flank pain

Scrotal pain

Low back and iliac region pain, painful enlarged lymph node in the groin

Functional Incontinence

normal urine control but can't make it to the toilet in time because of a different musculoskeletal issue.

Stress incontinence

loss of control with an increase in intra abdominal pressure (coughing, sneezing, etc.)

Urge incontinence

sudden unexpected urge to urinate (reduced bladder capacity)

Overflow incontinence

constant leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty.

Clinical Implication for PTA in renal diseases

monitor for signs of fatigue, dizziness, bp changes, and neuropathy. Low to moderate intensity. May experience muscle cramping, balance issues, and dehydration risks.