Guidance

what are the 4 types of guidance?

• verbal

• visual

• manual

• mechanical

define verbal (and example)

• Telling a performer how to perform a skill.

• e.g. Telling a performer how to do a dodge or giving technical advice.

 

define visual (and example)

• Showing/demonstrating a performer how to perform a skill

• e.g. a coach demonstrating a cartwheel

define manual (and example)

• Using physical support from another person such as a coach

• e.g. dance teacher moves student into the correct position

define mechanical (and example)

• Using aids or equipment to perform a skill

• e.g. Using a harness when learning to front flip on a trampoline

Advantages of verbal guidance

• More effective for autonomous / associative learners

• Questioning techniques can lead to effective learning

• Can be motivational + give confidence

• Improves understanding of skill

• Quick

disadvantages of verbal guidance

• Inaccurate guidance can lead to incorrect performance

• Information overload for beginners = overwhelmed

• Can be boring + confusing

advantages of visual guidance

• Helps the performer create a mental image

• Coach can cue the performer in

• Encourages observational learning

• Gives a better understanding of the skill

• Is more effective if done by a role model

disadvantages of visual guidance

• The demonstration could be incorrect or aimed at the wrong level of performance

• It may be too quick for the performer to process

• Static images don’t show how the movement is produced

• Demonstration could be unclear to the performer

advantages of manual guidance

• Can reduce fear

• Can improve confidence and motivation

• Can give a clearer understanding of how to perform a skill

• Can be used to practice or isolate a particular part of the skill to improve

• Can promote kinesthesis

disadvantages of manual guidance

• Can lead to a false sense of kinesthesis or intrinsic feedback could be incorrect

• Performer can become too reliant on the support and not fully participate in performing the skill when practicing it which could reduce motivation

advantages of mechanical guidance

• Can reduce fear

• Can help the performer to carry out the skill in the beginning building confidence and motivation

• It can be used to isolate a particular part of the skill to practice or develop

• Can be useful on all levels

disadvantages of mechanical guidance

• Performer can become too reliant and not develop the ability to perform the skill independently

• Can lead to a false sense of kinesthesis

• Can restrict the performer so that they are not able to fully perform the skill.

what type of learners use visual guidance?

• cognitive

• associative

what type of learners use verbal guidance?

• associative

• autonomous

what type of learners use manual guidance?

• cognitive

what type of learners use mechanical guidance?

• cognitive

• associative