West Civ I Test 2

Diocletian

From the lower class but rose up, divided the empire into four parts, initiated the Great Persecution

Constantine

300s, first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity, founded the imperial capital Constantinople

Tetrarchy

The result of Diocletian’s political reforms of the late third century, which divided the Roman Empire into 4 parts

Edict of Milan

Free exercise of religion

Edict of Thessalonica

Made Nicene Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Arianism

The belief that the son is not equal to the father

Pelagians

The idea that you can pay your way to heaven

Council of Nicaea

Affirmed all the doctrines of the Church

The Fall of the Roman Empire

The very slow gradual decline of the west, when Romulus Augustus was overthrown in the 400s

Monasticism

St. Benedict started the idea of living in community and not by yourself, because of him you get all of these monasteries popping up everywhere

St Augustine of Hippo

One of the most influential theologians of all times

St. Benedict of Nursia

Monk who threw himself into a thorn bush, founded the Benedictines, father of monasticism

Byzantium

Eastern Roman Empire, all speak Greek after Justinian, start to adopt eastern culture

Justinian

Byzantine emperor in the 5th/6th centuries, born as a peasant, last of the latin speaking emperors

Corpus Iuris Civilis

Collection of Roman civil laws by Justinian

Nika riots

Burned down the Hagia Sophia, they were rebelling against Justinian

Hagia Sophia

Holy Wisdom, where the coronation happened for the Eastern Empire

Byzantine Emperor Leo III

Ruled while the Muslims were emerging, firm iconoclast, had a bunch of churches vandalized to get rid of the images

iconoclasm

the fear that icons are idolatry

Muhammed

570-632 BC, married a wealthy widow, businessman, claims a messenger of God came to him at age 30

5 pillars of Islam

Faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving

Qur’an

The Muslim scripture that Muhammed claims to have gotten from God

Haji

pilgrimage to mecca

shari’a

Muslim law code, eat clean food, polygamy, etc

umma

Word for community of believers

Jihad

Holy wars, striving in the way of the Lord

Sunni

Muslim sect that believes Muhammed didn’t appoint a successor

Shia

They believe Muhammed designated a successor

pagan

One who lives separated from town, became a term separate from the faith

Ostrogoths

“ostro” means east, they were the eastern goths that conquered italy

Visigoths

“vis” means west, the people in modern day france, wanted people to convert to Arianism

Anglo-Saxons

Germanic tribes who moved to Britan in the 5th century

St Bede

Writes Ecclesiastical History of the English People in the 600s

Synod of Whitby

A meeting in 664 to decide if the Anglo-Saxon should follow Roman or Celtic Christians, they ended up choosing Roman

Franks

people who reside on the Rhine River in France

Charles Martel

688-741, led a Frankish army against a small Muslim force, he also fostered an alliance with Benedictine missionaries

Charelemagne

767-813, united/consolidated much of Europe under his rule, massive influence on converting Europe

Carolingian Renaissance

A cultural and intellectual flowering that took place in the court of Charlemagne

Caroline minuscule

lowercase letters

Cluniac monasteries

Benedictine monasteries that followed reforms beginning at the Abbey of Cluny in France in 910

investiture controversy

power struggle between the Catholic Church and European monarchs over who had the authority to appoint bishops and other church officials

First Crusade

1095-1099, launched by Pope Urban II, attacks against the Jews throughout Europe

Baldwin of Boulogne

Gets a leader of Odessa to make him heir, not crusading of his own religious piety

Battle of Hastings

When William the Conqueror took over England

Henry II of England

William the Conqueror’s great grandson, rules England but also has vassels from Scotland to southern France. Kills St. Thomas Becket

Thomas Becket

Archbishop of Canterbury, appointed by Henry II

Magna Carta

Document that lists the rights of all the noblemen

Unam sanctam

Pope declaring his own authority

Council of Constance

Elect a new pope who everyone agrees on

Mongolian Empire

Conquered a lot of Eastern Europe

Hildegard of Bingen

many works on medicine, theology, works

Dominicans

Founded by St. Dominic order of preachers, favor systematic theology

Franciscans

They emphasized poverty, humility, simplicity, service to the poor, and preaching the Gospel

Babylonian Captivity

was the period when the papacy resided in Avignon, France, rather than Rome (Avian papcy)

Scholasticism

a medieval method of learning that used logic, reason, and debate to understand and explain Christian theology

Averroes

Muslim philosopher and scholar from Spain who wrote influential commentaries on Aristotle

Chivalry

Code of conduct for horsemen

St. Thomas Aquinas

an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian who helped shape Catholic theology through scholasticism