Musculoskeletal System + Anatomy Basics

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Last updated 10:35 AM on 10/5/26
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47 Terms

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Musculoskeletal system

bones + joints + muscles + connective tissue

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Skeletal system

support + protection + movement + nutrient storage

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Muscular system

movement + support/protection + body heat

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Axial skeleton

skull + spine + thorax

<p>skull + spine + thorax</p>
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Appendicular skeleton

limbs + shoulder/hip supporting bones

<p>limbs + shoulder/hip supporting bones</p>
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Tendon

connects muscle to bone

<p>connects muscle to bone</p>
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Ligament

connects bone to bone

<p>connects bone to bone</p>
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Aponeurosis

flattened sheet-like tendon

<p>flattened sheet-like tendon</p>
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Motor pathway

primary motor cortex → corticospinal tract → spinal cord → peripheral nerve → motor neuron → skeletal muscle

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Joint

connection between 2 or more bones

<p>connection between 2 or more bones</p>
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Hinge joint

movement mainly in 1 plane

<p>movement mainly in 1 plane</p>
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Saddle joint

movement in 2 planes

<p>movement in 2 planes</p>
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Ball-and-socket joint

movement in 3 planes

<p>movement in 3 planes</p>
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Abduction

away from body

<p>away from body</p>
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Adduction

toward body

<p>toward body</p>
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Circumduction

circular movement

<p>circular movement</p>
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Protraction

forward movement

<p>forward movement</p>
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Retraction

backward movement

<p>backward movement</p>
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Elevation

upward movement

<p>upward movement</p>
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Depression

downward movement

<p>downward movement</p>
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Pronation

toward the middle

<p>toward the middle</p>
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Supination

radius rotates back around ulna

<p>radius rotates back around ulna</p>
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Endorotation

inward rotation

<p>inward rotation</p>
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Exorotation

outward rotation

<p>outward rotation</p>
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Opposition

thumb moves toward fingers

<p>thumb moves toward fingers</p>
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Translation

sliding movement

<p>sliding movement</p>
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Rotation

turning around an axis

<p>turning around an axis</p>
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Luxation

pathological displacement of a joint

<p>pathological displacement of a joint</p>
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Sagittal plane
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Frontal/coronal plane

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Transverse plane

horizontal


<p>horizontal</p><p></p>
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Anterior/ventral

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Posterior/dorsal

toward the back

<p>toward the back</p>
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Cranial/superior

up

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Caudal/inferior

down

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Medial

toward the middle

<p>toward the middle</p>
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Lateral

outside from the body

<p>outside from the body</p>
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Proximal

up the arm

<p>up the arm</p>
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Distal

toward the end of hand

<p>toward the end of hand</p>
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Palmar

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Ulnar

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Radial

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Plantar

down foot

<p>down foot</p>
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Flexion

decreases joint angle

<p>decreases joint angle</p>
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Extension

increases joint angle

<p>increases joint angle</p>
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Inversion

toward the middle

<p>toward the middle</p>
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Eversion

outside

<p>outside</p>