Medical Terminology Ch 5 Muscles and Tendons

3 muscle types

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

functions of skeletal muscle

movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication

structure of skeletal muscle

muscle fibers, striations, fascia

4 scapula muscles

SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

muscles connect upper arm to shoulder girdle, vertebral column, ribs

anterior: deltoid, pectoralis major

posterior: latissimus dorsi

muscles move elbow joint & forearm

anterior: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

posterior: triceps brachii

muscle with 3 points of origin

triceps brachii (long head, lateral head, medial head)

forearm muscle movements

supination/pronation, flexion/extension, medial/lateral movement

thenar eminence

fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

hypothenar eminence

fleshy mass at the base of the little finger (pinky)

3 gluteus muscles

maximus, medius, minimus

adductor

toward body

abductor

away from body

anterior muscle group (quad)

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

posterior muscle group (hamstring)

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

quad movement

extend knee, flex hip

ex: squat

hamstring movement

extend hip, flex knee

ex: RDLs

calf muscles

gastrocnemius - large

soleus - small

fibromyalgia

chronic pain with fatigue, affects muscles & tendons all over, linked to depression and anxiety

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

inflammatory myopathies

protective responses to injured tissues marked by redness, increased heat, swelling, and pain

strain

overstretch or tear of a muscle or tendon

sprain

overstretch or tear of a ligament

common disorders of the wrist and hand

ganglion cysts, stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger), carpal tunnel syndrome

myopathy

muscle disease

another name for physical therapist

physiotherapist

physical therapist

mobility and movement

occupational therapist

daily living and cognitive skills

speech therapist

communication and swallowing

rehabilitation medicine

focuses on function to maintain independence and a good quality of life

restorative rehabilitation

restores a function that has been lost

maintenance rehabilitation

strengthens and maintains a function that was being lost

ADL (activities of daily living)

routine activities of personal care

IADL (instrumental activities of daily living)

related to independent living

ex: cooking, driving, housework

PVD

peripheral vascular disease

BKA

below knee amputation

electromyography (EMG)

a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the muscle to record electrical activity

nerve conduction studies

measure the speed at which nerves conduct impulses

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

shows detailed images of damage or disease in muscle

ultrasonography

used to identify tears and inflammation in tendons

muscle biopsy (Bx)

removes a small piece of abnormal muscle, done via a hollow needle

genetic testing

can diagnose muscular dystrophy

myositis specific antibodies (MSA)

diagnose myopathies

NSAIDS

reduce pain, fever, inflammation

ex: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Alleve

acetaminophen

used for pain relief and fevers

ex: Tylenol

skeletal muscle relaxant

FDA-approved for spasticity or for muscular conditions like MS

anabolic steroid

cause skeletal muscle hypertrophy