B&B: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Conditions that emerge during development and involve differences or impairments in cognitive, behavioral, social, or adaptive functioning.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of lifelong developmental conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.

FASD Symptoms

• Difficulties with attention, learning, memory, and functioning

• Impaired emotional regulation / behavioral flexibility

• Delays in language, motor, or functioning

• Sometimes facial feature and growth abnormalties

FASD: Effects on brain development

• Neurogenesis

• Neuronal migration

• Cell survival

• Synaptic development

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A neurodevelopment condition characterized

Spina Bifida

A congenital neural tube defect involving incomplete development of the vertebral arches, sometimes accompanies by abnormalities of the spinal cord and meninges.

Spina Bifida Forms

• Spina Bifida Occulata

• Meningocele

• Myelomeningocele

Spina Bifida Occulata

Vertebral defect without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges

Spina Bifida Meningocele

Meninges protrude through the vertebral defect

Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele

Spinal cord and meninges protrude through the defect, often causing neurological impairment

Spina Bifida symptoms

• Motor weakness or paralysis

• Reduced sensation below affected spinal level

• Neurogenic bowel and bladder dysfunction

• May be associated with chiari 2 malformation and hydrocephalus