bio test 3

Why are leaves generally very thin?

Sunlight cannot penetrate more than a few layers of cells.

If the mineral portion of a soil was made up entirely of sand, how would this change the size of the “organic materials” and “water and air” wedges?

The organic materials wedge would be smaller, and the water and air wedge would be larger

What type of plant tissue can be described as “elongated but flexible, stringy cells”?

collenchyma

Which of the following is an example of a modified stem?

a daffodil bulb

Just like the human body is composed of many different tissue types, a flowering plant is made of various tissues. Which of the following is not one of the tissues of a flowering plant?

cardiac muscle tissue

A builder is installing landscaping around a new house and wants to avoid using plants with deep roots that could damage plumbing or the foundation. She should select __________ because they have ____________.

monocots; fibrous root systems

Which statement about the cuticle is false?

The cuticle covers every portion of a flowering plant.

Which of the following, if added to soil, would best prevent minerals from being leached away?

humus

What does “cohesion” refer to in the “cohesion-tension mechanism”?

the tendency of water molecules to stick together

What are the three primary functions of roots?

absorption, storage, and anchorage

What do sclerenchyma, parenchyma, and collenchyma cells have in common?

They are all types of ground tissue.

Carnivorous plants digest small invertebrate animals. These animals are broken down by the plant's enzymes, and the products are used to supplement the plant's supply of:

nitrogen

The __________ is made of dead cells with rigid cell walls that provide a plant with support and conduct water through the plant.

Xylem

Mycorrhizae are beneficial to plants mostly because they:

help increase water absorption into the roots.

Which of the following essential plant nutrients is not generally taken up through the roots?

Carbon

Which of the following components typically makes up the largest proportion of soil?

Minerals

According to the textbook, humus is an important component of soil. If you were to add a wedge for humus to the pie chart, where would it go?

The wedge for organic materials already represents the percent composition of humus in the soil.

Which tissue makes up the majority of plant tissue and is responsible for photosynthesis, food storage, and the production and release of hormones?

Parenchyma

Plants can have a taproot or a fibrous root system. Which of the following correctly describes the differences between these two systems?

fibrous: tend to occupy upper, shallow parts of the soil and grow outward; taproot: grow deep down into the soil

The process of water absorption by plant roots generally relies on __________ across the membranes of cells in __________.

osmosis; root hairs

Stomata are:

holes created by open guard cells in a leaf

Considering the “vital statistics” of plants relative to animals, which of the following is true?

Plants are capable of producing their own food, whereas animals cannot.

Which of the following components typically makes up the largest proportion of soil?

Minerals

Which of the following is true?

The flower parts of monocots occur in multiples of three

Which of the following soil textures has the greatest ability to hold water?

Clay

The three fundamental types of plant tissue are:

dermal, vascular, and ground

Each of the various tissues of a flowering plant serves its own individual functions. Which of the following does not properly match a flowering plant's tissue with its function within the plant?

shoots: anchors plant to ground, absorbs water and minerals from soil

What do sclerenchyma, parenchyma, and collenchyma cells have in common?

They are all types of ground tissue

What leaf structures help reduce water loss?

Hairs and stomata

If a mutation were to cause the epidermal cells of a plant root to no longer produce root hairs, then what impact would this have on the plant?

The plant would have difficulty absorbing water and nutrients from the soil

Which of the following is not true about plant leaves?

Palisade mesophyll cells are found surrounding the veins or “piping” in the leaf

The specialized cells that facilitate gas exchange in plants are known as:

Guard cells

Which of the following is not a function of a plant's stem?

serve as the primary site of photosynthesis in the plant

Which of the following is a common gardening practice?

using genetically identical clones produced by a plant through asexual reproduction

Which of the following describes an alternative to sexual reproduction employed by most plants?

sprouting (such as through root suckers

The cells found in the meristems of plants

are totipotent

Which of the following might you expect to find on the outer surface of a growing plant exposed to the outside environment?

Wax

A substance called PBZ is known to be an antagonist to the effect of gibberellins. Spraying grapes with PBZ would likely have which of the following effects?

Inhibit growth

Which of the following is true about a plant seed?

It contains materials needed to begin a new life

Wood in a tree is mostly composed of

secondary xylem

During the 1960s, the U.S. military sprayed a compound known as Agent Orange on more than 3,000 villages in Vietnam. Knowing that Agent Orange contained a synthetic auxin-based herbicide, which of the following was likely the goal of administering this compound?

kill the existing plants in the area

According to the graph, approximately what proportion of flowering plant species are pollinated by insects?

75%

What does the highlighted region under the flowers in the top graph represent?

months during which long-day plants typically flower

In which plant structures are gibberellins primarily produced?

meristems and seeds

By what process do the haploid cells in a new pollen grain produce two sperm cells?

mitosis

The “Green Revolution” refers to initiatives resulting in increased agricultural production particularly in developing countries. One result is development of the dwarf variety of rice that has shorter stems, better nutrient uptake, and higher yields. Based on that description, you would expect an inhibition in the synthesis of which plant hormone in these dwarf plants?

Gibberllins

One way that individual plants respond to their environment is through:

production of hormones.

Auxin molecules are initially found in the growing tips of shoots. Which of the following influences the movement of auxins (shown here in red), down and to the right side of the growing shoot?

Auxins are directed down by gravity and move away from light sources.

When gibberellins are added to cabbage plants:

they grow very large leaves

Which of the following reverses the inhibitory effects of auxins on lateral buds?

cytokinins

In Native American folklore, it was believed that spirits lived within a popcorn kernel. These spirits became angry when the kernel was heated, finally bursting and turning themselves inside-out with a pop. What is the scientific explanation for why popcorn pops?

Water within the kernel turns to steam, blowing the kernel open and exposing the cooked starch.

Which event occurs after a triploid endosperm is formed in the angiosperm lifecycle?

A seed develops

Which of the following is not a way in which sexual reproduction enhances genetic diversity?

Winning alleles” are always preserved in the offspring

Which of the following reverses the inhibitory effects of auxins on lateral buds?

cytokinins

Which of the following is a correct statement about the pollen of flowering plants?

Pollen grains develop as a result of mitosis of haploid spores.

In looking at peaches, pears, apples, plums, acorns, and walnuts, it is clear that a large variety of fruits are designed for:

animal consumption

Many plants will not flower until the days become sufficiently long, or the temperature is just right. Application of which of the following would cause flower production, even if the triggering event was not present?

gibberellins

Which hormone is involved in phototropism?

Auxins

If the wood from the trunk of a tree is cut longitudinally, along the length of the trunk, it may show signs of where branches extended away from the main trunk. These “signs” in the wood are called:

Knots

Seeds germinate only when levels of water, temperature, and ________ are optimal

Oxygen

The endosperm that forms at the time of fertilization comes from:

the fusion of three nuclei to form one cell.

Some plants live in harsh conditions that make seed survival impossible. How do these plants propagate?

They develop suckers that sprout and give rise to new plants

Which of these hormones is found in immature plant tissue and promotes the development of fruit?

auxins

What does the yellow area on the graphs represent?

the length of the day across all of the months of the year

The female parts of a flower are the:

stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

The name for the seed leaves formed from the developing embryo are the:

Cotyledons

Which of the following is a method for maintaining seed dormancy?

Exclusion of water