Earth Science - Universe

Astronomy

The study of extraterrestrial and heavenly bodies.

Cosmology

is a branch of astronomy that involves the origin and evolution of the universe, from the Big Bang to today and on into the future.

Cosmogony

This term refers to origin of the universe specifically the solar system.

Oscillating Universe Theory

Proposed that the universe currently exists between the big bang and the big crunch (one of the predicted ends of the universe)

Big Crunch

is one of the possible scenarios of the end of the universe where the universe is predicted to shrink and eventually collapse on itself.

Eternal Inflation Theory

Supposes that instead of ending in a big crunch as the oscillating universe, the inflation never stops.

Steady State Theory

Assumed that the universe has always been and will always be the same.

Multiverse Theory

the universe is as just one many “bubbles” that grew as part of the multiverse.

Creation Story

All life forms existing today on Earth have been created by a supreme being-God.

Rigveda Theory

the universe as an oscillating universe in which a "cosmic egg" or Brahmanda, containing the whole universe expands out of a single concentrated point called Bindu (point or dot), and will eventually collapse again.

Atomic Universe

They held that the universe was composed of very small, indivisible, and indestructible atoms.

Aristotelian & Ptolemaic Universe

Earth is the center of the Solar System

Copernican Universe

Sun is the center of the Solar System

Big Bang Theory

This event started form a hot, dense state called singularity that has undergone inflation (a short but rapid expansion) to become the universe that is known today.

The Nebular Hypothesis

states that our solar system formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar gas cloud—the solar nebula

Geosphere

It is composed of rocks and regolith.

Hydrosphere

It is the totality of Earth’s water

Atmosphere

It is the mixture of gases that surrounds a planet. It is composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Argon, and 0.10% other gases.

Biosphere

It includes all life forms and even organic matter that has not yet decomposed.

Helium and Hydrogen.

Two earliest elements that was discovered

Kant and Laplace

Proposed the stellar theory

Rotation

the spinning of the Earth on its axis; causes day and night; starts from East to West

Revolution

occurs as the Earth moves around the Sun

Encounter Hypothesis

It occurs when the sun and a passing star had an encounter.

Planck Epoch

All things are compressed in the singularity.

Electromagnetic force

A force that binds
nucleus of an atom

Protosun

forms in the very center of the
accretion disk

Cryosphere

permanently frozen parts.