Chemistry unit 2 topic 1 and 4 (structure and bonding, chemical reactions and energy)

what type of materials dose iconic bonding occur between

Metals and non-metals

why dose ionic bonding happen

All metals want a full outer shell

what donates the electron in ionic bonding

The metal donate the electrons and the non-metal gain electrons

what is an ionic bond

A chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppostiley charge ions

what is a giant ionic strucutre

A highly orgaized structure re[acting three-dimensional arangmetns of posotive and negative ions

dose an ionic sturucture have a high or low boiling point and why

High melting point

Because ionic bonds are very strong so they require a lot og energy to break them

dose an ionic bond conduct and electricity and why

Only when molten

Because the ions must be free to move,(when melted they can but when solid they are not free)

is an ionic bond brittle and why

Yes

because when a force is allied it causes the ions to shift slightly out og place this case ions of the same to charge to line up, which case them to break as layers of the same charge repel eachother

are electrons in an ionic bond shared or transfered

Transfered

what type of material dose covalent bonding occur between

A non-metal and another non-metal

do covalent bonds share of transfer electrons

They share electrons

What are the 5 types of giant covalent strucutre

diamond

graphite

nanotuber

graphine sheet

buckminster fullerne (bucky ball)

explain the strucutre of diamond

Made of carbon atoms, which consist of covlant bonds where each atom makes 4 covalent bonds-making a tetrohedral shape

dose diamond have a high or low boiling point and why

High melting point because of the 4 strong covalent bonds, which need a lot of energy to break

dose diamond conduct eletricity

No because there are no free electrons to conduct eletricity

why is diamond hard

Becuasse of the very strong tetrahedral strucutre

what is the uses of diamond

Jewelry

Construction (cutting discs)

what is the strucutre of graphite

Made of carbon

with each atom making 3 covalent bonds

Made in layers

Between the layers there is a very weak intermolecular bond

dose graphite have a high or low melting point and why

High melting point

Because of the 3 strong covlant bonds that need a lot of energy to break

can graphite conduct eletricity and why

Yes it can conduct eletricity

Because it has free electrons, this is due to each carbon aotm only making 3 covalent bonds

what is a nano tube

1 sheet of graphite in a tube shape

explain the strucutre of a nano tube

Made of carbon

1 sheet of graphite in a tube shape

Eacho carbon aotm make 3 covalent bonds

dose a nano tube have a high or low melting point and why

Has a high melting point

Because of 3 strong coal net bonds that need a lot of energy to break

can a nontueb conduct eletricity and why

Yes it can conduct eletricity

Because it has 1 free electron due to each carbon atom only make 3 covalent bonds

what is the suses of a nano tube

It is used to make Profesional racing bikes because it is strong and lightweight

why is a nano tube strong and lightweight

Becuasse it is made of carbon atoms joined in a tight seamless hexagon which is continues meaning it has no weak points either

what is graphene

one flat sheet of graphite

explain the strucutre of graphene

Made of carbon atoms

Each carbon atoms only make 3 covalent bond

It is 1 sheet of graphite

dose graphene have a high or low melting point and why

Has a high melting point

Because it has 3 strong covallent bonds that require lots of energy to break

can graphene conduct eletricity and why

Yes it cna conduct electricity

Because it has 1 free electron due to each carbon atom only making 3 bonds

What is the use of graphene and why

Use in eletrical circuits because it conduct eletricity and heat much faster than traditional materials like copper and silicon

what is buckminster fullrneen/ the bucky ball

A graphite sheet in a ball Shape

explain the strucutre of the bucky ball

Made of carbon

Each carbon atoms mkaes 3 covalent bonds

1 sheet of graphite turned into a ball

dose the bucky ball have a high or low melting point and why

It has a high melting point

Becusae it has 3 strong covlant bonds that require a lot of energy to break

can the bucky ball ocndut eletricity

Yees because it has 1 free eletrcton due to each carbon atom only making 3 bonds

what is the use of the bucky ball

It is used in medication

what material is in a simple covalent strucutre

Only non-metals

what is aismple covlant strucutre

A molecule of a compound

do simple covalent tructure have high or low melting points

They hhaev low melting points as they are all gases

can a simple covalent strucutre conduct eletricity

no as there are no free electrons

what happens when you heat a simple covlant strucutre

You break the inter molecular bonds not the covalent bonds

what materials are in a metallic structure

only contains metals

dose a matelic strucutre have a high or low melting point and why

High melting point

Because it has strong electrostatic bonds between cat irons(+) and the celoclaised sea of electrons(-)

can a matelic structure conduct eletricity and why

Yes because the eletctrons are free to move

what is a smart material

A material where when you change the enviroment the state alters and when the enviroment changes back the stage alters again

list the 5 types of smart materials

Thermochromic pigments

Photochromic pigments

Shape memory alloy (metal)

Shape memory polymer (plastic)

Hydrogel

what happens in a thermochromic pigment and when is it used

Changes colour based on a change in tempreture

Used in baby thermometers and mood rings

what happens in a Photochromic pigment and what is it used in

Changes colour because of a change in light intesinsity

Used in glasses that turn into sunglasses

What happens in a shape memory allow and what is it used in

A metal that once heated will regain its orginial shape

Used in nitinol(nickel and titanium) which is used in artifical muscle

what happens in a shape memory polymer and what is it used for

A plastic that one heated regains it’s original shape

Used in gum shields

what happens in a Hydrogel and what is it used in

Can shrink/expand due to a change in pH

Used in nappies

what is a nanometer

1 billion of a meter

what is the standard form a a nanometer

1nm=1.0×10<-9

what is the scale of a nanometer

1-100nm

what material in its nano form is used in anti-bacterial

Silver (Ag)

what material in its nano form can absorb U.V and is colourless

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

what is titanium Dioxide used in

Soalr panels and sunscreen

what are the 2 dangers of nano particles

The long term affects are unknown

the nano-particles are so small they can pass through your skin and into the blood stream

what happens to nano particles wen they are in bulk form

They have diffrent properties